Crooks and Curleys wife experience loneliness and isolation Essay Example for Free

Crooks and Curleys wife experience l unityliness and isolation EssayIn this essay I intend to write slightly why Crooks and Curleys wife experience l unrivalledliness and isolation and in what way they try to deal with these difficulties. Crooks is a nergro stable buck with a crooked spine. His eye are calld as the most noticeable feature on his face, brimming with knowledge of the in ripeice in animation. His eyes lay deep in his head, and because of their depth seemed to glitter with intensity. He is also slim with a lean face, en-lined with wrinkles. His lips are also described vividly as in truth thin and pain-tightened. He covers up his intense eyes with large gold rimmed spectacles. Curleys wife is, of course a complete contrast, and is extremely pretty, thought sometimes try too hard. She had full, rouged lips and wide-spade eyes, heavily made up. She has d whiz her nails carefully which doesnt seem very suitable for invigoration on a ranch. Her voice is an early(a) thing that is com manpowerted on, as necessitate a nasal, brittle quality.Crooks personality is somewhat of a mystery. His real personality is hidden by the racism of the time. He is hurt and shocked by peoples opinions towards him and so he thumbs the only way to get through life is to push back the same disgust to the separate mean on the ranch.This heres my room. nil got any right in here by meI aint wanted in the bunk-house, and you aint wanted in my room.Crooks doesnt see that all his is really doing is stopping to their train thought, he just continues to treat others in the way he has been treated, and if he has a choice he just stays away from them. His personality would put on developed differently if he had been born white, because his true colours are stunted by the racism against him. He teases Lennie, and takes fun in it, as though at last he is being able to do to someone else what has been done to him for his whole life, Crooks face lights with pleasure in hi s torture.The basic word to describe the personality of Curleys wife is a flirt, although as we get to know much and more about her we discover that this is not completely true. In this essay I will try to explain why she behaves like this, and whether in fact she behaves like this just for attention and is c one timealing something. The personality of these characters is perhaps one of the makes to the book. even so different these character are they are linked through their loneliness and the fact they conceal their true personality. The are both considered quite low on the social scale moreover deal with this in very different ways as I will explain.As I have said, Crooks is change taste about being made to live along above the stable. He expresses this bitterness, and tires to explain to Lennie how loneliness is so disturbed that it drives you mad Ill tell you a get guys too lonely and he gets sick.dont make no difference who the guy is, longs hes with you.It must be a reli ef for Crooks to be able to persona some of his problems with someone, and he must find it especially east with Lennie who probably will not pick up, and will forget what he hears quickly. He is the only one who understands Lennie, besides George, and befriends him. He looks past Lennies mental handicap and Lennie looks past Crooks physical handicap.Curleys wife also finds it easy to discourse to Curley. She is so overwhelmed by her loneliness, she seeks friendship from other men. She seeks out the friendship of Lennie for all of the others fear Curley and will have nothing to do with her. Think I dont like to talk to somebody ever once in a while? It is when she talks to Lennie that we discover a great deal about her past. She tells Lennie that she still dreams of what might have been, seeing herself as a probable film-star. However, in my opinion she has no acting talent, men (one from a travelling show, one who claimed to be in the movies) make her offers as a chat-up line. H er naivet shows in her belief that her mother has stolen a letter (from her contact in Hollywood) which was obviously never written her immaturity appears in her instant reaction of marrying the loathsome Curley. It was a hasty marriage to Curley is just a failed attempt to escape from her own spiral of loneliness.When she chose to marry Curley it was all because of the wrong reasons and only to get away from her mother, one person who genuinely cared for her, Well I wasnt issue to stay no place where I couldnt get nowhere. Now she find herself very line and she has no-one to talk to, I don like Curley. Desperate for companionship she does not find at home, she tries to find solace with the other men. They are uneasy about this, as they think her to be seriously promiscuous, and are fearful of Curleys reaction. Her inappropriate dress on the ranch and her manner brand her as a tart. She can not escape from this image and so she uses it so that she is noticed and can talk to peopl e. Although in my opinion instead of being the mature and flirtatious female that the men see, she is in fact like a little girl yearning for her home.She even talks to people who she considers to be out of her league, but in a way this makes her a more tragic character, because unlike the others, even Lennie, she seems not to understand her limitations or she refuses to admit them. She treats those below her in an unnecessarily disdainful way. there is one point in the book when Curleys wife goes into Crooks room. Crook, as I have said, pretends that he wishes no one to come into his room seeing as he isnt allowed in the bunk house.However, when Lennie and then Candy come in we can tell that he was actually very pleased, It was difficult for Crooks to conceal his pleasure with anger. Candy and Crooks reacts to Curleys wife primarily disgusted. On their faces they scowl at her and appear to wish that she wasnt there. However as Curleys wife points out it is doubtful whether they r eally feel this, for they would not doubt have acted very different if they were alone, If I catch one man alone, I get along fine with him. But just le two guys get together and you just wont talkyoure all scared of each other.Curleys wife is very rude to Crooks and says, Im standing here talk to a nigger. I think her reaction is like this because she feels very powerful to be talking to someone as sad and lonely as herself, but who is looked down upon by others. She likes to use this rare power and so when Crooks finally cracks and stands up to her she does everything with her capable possibility to make him feel small and unnecessary. Listen, Nigger, she said. You know what I can do to you if you open your trap? This immediately makes Crooks turn into a no one. Every trace of a personality disappears, and he just answers in a monotonous voice.After she leave Candy says, That bitch didnt ought to of said that to you. And Crooks replies by saying , It wasnt nothing, you guys com ing in an setting made me forget. Crooks obviously was so happy by having the company of some men that he forgets his place (in those times) and stood up to her. He then realised what he had done and remembered how he should have behaved. For that one small part of the story we saw the real Crooks, the one who is not concerned with racism, because for that very small amount of time he opine himself to be normal.Curleys wife though doesnt have a very suprising reaction to Candy (the old-swamper) and Crooks. I believe that she is angry because she just realised how messy her life is. She tries to stay calm and talk to them as thought they are beneath her, but all the time she realises that she is just as sad and lonely as them. She sees that they are the only people she can have a proper conversation with are, as she describes them a nigger, an a dum-dum and a lousy ol sheep. At one point in the conversation she says, Whatt ya think I am, a kid? and then she continues to talk about how she was nearly in the pictures. Of course, she is just a kid, who doesnt understand herself.He also wants to be part of George and Lennies dream. He said thathe would work for free. He gives up on the farm dream when he realizes itisnt going to work out. Talk about this. Also say that crooks was nasty to lennie then nice.I would describe Curleys wife as a sympathetic figure. There is a very strong description towards the end of the book, just as she has been killed by Lennie, And the meanness and the planning and the discontented and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. She was very pretty and simple, and her face was sweet and young.Curleys wife has had a very unfortunate life. She made some wrong decisions and has been punished for them, by dying unhappy at such as young age. To all the other people on the ranch she is only important because she is the wife of Curley, and that explains why she is given no other name. They are scared of getting involved with he r because of what Curley might do to them. No-one is ever actually interesting in her. I feel sorry for her that someone who has the potential to be so sweet and calm has lives such as sad life and has died before anyone knows her true colours.Crook, like Curleys wife has had a sad life for the later part of his life at least. Nothing will ever get better for him, because of his colour. The war Steinbeck talks about him is very controversial right away and would not be accepted. At the time that this book was written this language would have been more in use and so perhaps it would have been more acceptable, meaning that Steinbeck was not ware of its full impact. The fact that he portrays crooks as a unhappy and meaningful character must indicate that the author believes racism to be unfair, or else he would have been portrayed as evil, someone deserving what he got. Many upon reading this book may believe that the key issue is George and Lennie, but in fact this novel raises many questions about discrimination and loneliness.

Vendetta Essay Example for Free

Vendetta Essay1. What period in business relationship do you believe is portrayed in this icon? Considering the general circumstances illustrated in the movie citizens afraid of its regimen, I believe, the period in history is when democracy was belittled, and government dominated with oppressive force. Since at various times the connection between V and Guy Fawkes is emphasized, the movie seems to be based on the historical event of November 5th, 1605 the date Guy Fawkes was arrested for conspiracy to blow up the parliament building. 2. Who do you believe in history does Chancellor Adam Sutler approximately resemble?It seems that since the period when the Guy Fawkes incident happened was when a protestant King was persuasion England, Chancellor Adam Sutler equates to the figure aforementioned. as yet, in light of the Chancellors characteristics, he may represent another figure in history Adolf Hitler. The rationale behind the link is because they both were dictators of a c ountry that used military force to rule the country, and eradicated specific targets for instance the gay for High Chancellor, and the Jewish for Adolf Hitler.3. Who do the Fingermen represent in history?If the High Chancellor represents Adolf Hitler, the Fingermen would most likely symbolize the Nazis. The people who carried out rules, regardless of its brutality, directed by the head.4. What or who does Lewis Prothero represent? I had heard once that in the period of the Nazis domination, there were a few people who expressed dissention through literary works, and since Lewis Prothero used his composition skills comically portray High Chancellor, shedding a light on the injustice of the government, from the little knowledge I have, Lewis Prothero seems to represent those who delicate their disagreement of the Nazi regime.5. Who do the people taken into the prisons represents? There were a variety of people that were taken into prisons. First, there were those who did not fit in w ith the governments ideals most significantly gay people and those who showed objection to the government. Another group was those that became the target of a biological study. These fictional people of the movie most likely represent the victims of the Holocaust.6. Is V a terrorist or is he an avenger? Why? V is both a terrorist and an avenger.V can be denominate a terrorist because he used extreme force to show his dissent with the government, injuring and murdering innocent people along with the act. However, if he were only a terrorist, he neednt kill the specific people that took part in the biological study.7. What has happened to the United States in this movie? The United States is portrayed to have fallen from its once quality state and failed to keep itself intact.8. Why does V have such a grudge against Lewis Prothero?One main reason V has a grudge against Lewis Prothero is because he was the commanding officer of the particular prison that conducted a biological study on innocent people. Another may be because of the fact that he serves as the voice of the propagandizing the government.9. What is Evey Hammonds occupation and what kind of person is she in the beginning? What kind of person does she become later on? Evey Hammond holds a minor meditate at the broadcasting station and although she has all the reason to avenge on the government for its atrocities done on her family, she complies with the rules of the government and lives as a dutiful citizen.However after she meets V, she loses the sense of fear she had lived with all her life, and frees her suppressed anger.10. In whose footsteps does V follow? What is the date that is so important in the movie? And why is it so important? V follows the footsteps of the character of the movie he shows Evey he chooses his idea over love. The date that keeps coming up is the 5th of November. Its role in the movie is significant because its the same date in history that Guy Fawkes and his accomplices p lanned to change the country by removing the leading people, the same objective and confusable means of Vs plan.

Learning Story Example in Child Care

discipline Story Example in Child C atomic number 18Di ZhengIntroductionChildren perplex their own t apieceing story as they explore their cordial and natural environment. They have their own ways of solving problems and dealing with the issues they face. This makes them unique from one person to another. Further much, it athletic supporters adult go through the importance of seeing things lightly-no matter how difficult life may seem. Some durations, it is better to experience from children beca practice session their innocence enlightens the adults-through the way they see ideas and things from their perspectives. In betimes puerility education, teachers are considering even the most basic aspect of childs learning. They identify and strengthen the flourishing skills and abilities of children based on each childs behaviour, actions, and words. Teachers are taking the opportunity to expand the ideas, thoughts, feelings, and abilities of each child when they see interest ev ents or behaviour. To further understand these ideas, several authors on childhood education provide learning stories. These learning stories illustrate the expedition of toddlers in solving problems and makeing tasks. The purpose of this report is to discuss Rubys shopping. This paper aims to explore Rubys demonstrated skills and abilities in her imaginary world. Understanding Rubys capabilities, skills, and personality en commensurate teachers to use unalike strategies to nurture Rubys experience and understanding.Learning StoryRuby is playing the sandpit making puddings, but she wants to have other ingredients to finish her tasks. She wants apples, bananas, chocolate, and ice cream, but she nookienot have it tot every last(predicate)y in the centre so she postulate to go shopping. Her teacher assist her in finding the toy fruits and other things, which she enjoys doing. After getting every last(predicate) the things she needed, Ruby conversations to her teacher about the experience and she says that she loves buying things. The next day, another teacher joins her to go to a real supermarket to buy things they need. To add more to their shopping list, Ruby asks other teachers what they want her to buy. It gives her more responsibilities than her typical needs. When they reach the supermarket, the teacher, Ruby, and another child, Miller, start to buy everything. They return to the centre after completing their errands and talk about what they learn. The teacher asks Ruby about what she learns and feels while shopping. Ruby says that she loves shopping. During the first and second activity, the teacher identifies the skills and abilities of Ruby when it comes to money and shopping sequencing. She also knows what to consider and she is stiff with her shopping list. Though she tends to forget some things in her list, she shows determination in completing everything. She is also patient in exploring her social environment. Furthermore, she is open to as sistance and help when needed. She accepts suggestion and works with it to complete her tasks successfully. The teachers working with her perceive these opportunities and skills in nurturing the mind and wellbeing of the child.Learning AssessmentRuby shows significant interest in her social environment-and she does not precisely create things correspond to rules. She demonstrates her creativity by looking for more resources at heart her reach. It is true that Rubys make-believe play provides an information exchange within a responsive social context. Rubys use of language in her play as she responds, imagines, questions, describes, creates, and decides shows her independence, confidence, and sense of responsibility for her own learning (p.8). This statement justifies Rubys desire to learn and to explore the resources avail qualified for her. As she explores, she learns new things. This can be a form of scientific inquiry wherein she conducts observation, classification, experimen tation, prediction, drawing conclusions, and communication of ideas (Neil, 2009). With her teachers help, Ruby is able to accomplish her tasks the scientific way. In this manner, Ruby demonstrates different feelings and emotions that justify her disposition. It is correct to say that her discussion with her teacher going on a trip to the supermarket enabled Ruby to aspire responsibility for her learning and to express her ideas and feelings, two very significant learning dispositions (p.9). This statement is true because Ruby does not stress herself in finding termination to her problems. She takes one step at a time and completes them successfully.Another important to consider is Rubys numeral abilities. In the first activity, Ruby knows how to pay for the things she buys to the supermarket. She is aware that everything interpreted from the supermarket should be paid immediately. This practice is also shown in her journeying to the real supermarket. This mathematicsematic abili ty may not be unique, but interesting to see from a young child. Ruby can have a significant advantage in mathematical concepts and learning because she is aware of numbers and mathematical ideas. It is true that to be good or proficient at mathematics, children must know more than the content. They must be able to communicate the knowledge, connect that knowledge to other mathematical ideas and to other subject areas, represent their understanding, use that knowledge as they solve problems and causal agency (Copley, 2010, p.29). From this sense, it can be said that mathematics should not only be practiced inside the classroom, but also in everyday life (Peters Rameka, 2010). In Rubys case, these ideas are perceived because she uses her mathematical knowledge in the real world. She uses math to buy things in the supermarket-not only in money, but also sequencing. It is also important to note that children need to demonstrate a disposition that think flexibility and with persisten ce about mathematic to solve problems (Copley, 2010, p.29). This thought occurs in Ruby in the first activity. She demonstrates the ability to solve problems by finding more resources. She does not simply complete the pudding instead, she finds other things to make the pudding better in taste, smell, and appearance. These thoughts show how Ruby is able to apply mathematics in everyday life.Linking to Te WhaarikiThe Te Whariki is the Ministry of Education in immature Zealand providing primaeval childhood computer program policy statement. This ministry plays an important role in shaping and nurturing early childhood curriculum to help early learners and educators in expanding knowledge, abilities, skills, personality, and identity. The goals of the early childhood curriculum under the Te Whariki include empowerment, holistic producement, family and community, and relationships (Ministry of Education, 1996). Empowerment aims to see how children empower their skills and abilities t o grow and learn. holistic development aims to show childrens holistic growth and learning. Family and community aims to expand the knowledge and emotional stability of children with their family and community. Relationships encourage children to establish and learn the different kinds of relationships that they can use in their social connection and interaction. The Te Whariki curriculum aims to establish connection with people and understand childrens personality, identity, and skills at an early age. Using different teaching strategies and methods, teachers are able to unleash the innate skills of children. After unleashing these skills, the teachers are able to nurturing and mould them according to the desires and personalities of children. In Rubys case, it shows that the teachers are responding to the goals and principles of Te Whariki in empowering, holistically developing, establishing community, and encouraging relationships. Rubys simple journey to the supermarket with Mil ler and her teacher creates a significant impact to her being because it demonstrates her skills and help her identify the different things available around her. These understandings correspond to Te Whariki.Linking to New Zealand political programIn the case of the New Zealand curriculum, Rubys learning story demonstrates her abilities and skills at a young age. In early childhood curriculum, this is an important development because not all children are able to progress as fast as Ruby. This is the reason why numerous childhood education programs and function are available passim New Zealand-to help and encourage young children to unleash their skills, talents, and knowledge innate to them. It is important to note that early childhood care and education in New Zealand cover the years from birth to school entry age. Although participation is voluntary, attendance levels within early childhood education services continue to increase for all ages (Ministry of Education, 1996, p.17) . This statement justifies that early childhood education programs and services reveal that early childhood learners are increasing in population over the years. The probable reason behind this is due to the increasing desire of parents to expose their children to the real world (Ministry of Education, 2007). Aside from the fact that some parents do not have sufficient time for their children, encouraging toddlers to communicate and explore their social environment will shape their personality, identity, and way of life (Ministry of Education, 2007). This is the reason why the New Zealand curriculum is imposing unrelenting policies in nurturing and educating young learners. According to the Ministry of Education (1996), former(a) childhood education services are committed to ensuring that learning opportunities are not restricted by gender, locality, or economic constraints (p.17). This statement argues that the New Zealand curriculum is devoted to provide learning opportunities to any toddle from all walks of life. They do not disregard children according to gender, locality, or economic constraints because they want to provide education for all. This principle of the curriculum is shown in the second activity of Rubys journey to the supermarket wherein the teacher includes Miller into the activity. Two children, a boy and a girl, enjoy the activity as they both want to learn about things.EvaluationConsidering Rubys learning story, it can be said that early childhood education is both fun and complicated. Children nowadays need real situations, occurrences, and events to clearly shape their knowledge and abilities (Dunn Stinson, 2012). Due to this, numerous early childhood programs and services are moving beyond the four corners of the classroom and explore the real world with these young learners. However, the prgrams and services provided to these children are related, connected, and in accordance to the standard academician curriculum of early childhood education. The Ministry of Education (1996) emphasizes that many early childhood education services exist as part of a national shaping which provides their philosophical rationale and direction. The particular approach of each organisation to curriculum is an essential part of its identity, and some organisations run specialised training programmes to assist in developing a curriculum appropriate for their particular philosophy (p.17). From this sense, it can be said that early childhood education should not only be fun, enjoyable, and light. It should also provide extensive learning and exploration according to the goals of early childhood curriculum. The Te Whariki is doing its best to shape the curriculum based on the needs and demands of the children for their innocence is wide and great (Alvestad, Duncan, Berge, 2009). Therefore, they want to explore the world differently-using real experiences, things, and environment. This judgment supports the Ministry of Educations (199 6) claim saying that the early childhood curriculum recognises that there can be wide variations in the rate and timing of childrens growth and development and in their capacity to learn new things in new places (p.20). The early childhood curriculum is more complicated than any curriculums because it does not only consider the age and condition of the students, but also their learning abilities, mood, and desires for them to successfully grow and develop (Blaiklock, 2011). In Rubys case, it is shown that the teachers in the centre are doing their best to provide children the best environment. They show children the real world with great guidance and assistance. Through these things, children would be able to explore their social environment without being vulnerable or hesitant because they know that someone is there to support them.ConclusionRubys learning story is interesting because she demonstrates strong abilities and skills at an early age. However, not only her abilities and personalities should be considered, but the role and competency of the educators as well. The learning story reveals that the teachers are aware of the importance of the real world-and they go extra mile to provide children their needs in holistic development. As they physically, mentally, and emotionally develop through experiences, children are also able to establish communication and relationships with their community. All these things are shown in Rubys learning story-and they all correspond to the principles and goals of Te Whariki and New Zealand early childhood education curriculum.Reference describe ExampleAlvestad, M., Duncan, J., Berge, A. (2009). New Zealand teachers talk about Te Whriki.New Zealand Journal of Teachers Work, 6(1), 3 19.Blaiklock, K. (2011). Te Whriki, the New Zealand early childhood curriculum Is it effective? International Journal of Early Years Education, 18 (3), 201212.Copley, J. (2010). The young child and mathematics (2nd ed., pp. 2944). Washingto n, DC National Association for the Education of Young Children.Dietze, B., Kashin, D. (2012). Playing and learning in early childhood education (pp. 320329). Ontario, Canada Pearson Canada.Dunn, J. Stinson, M. (2012). Dramatic play and drama in the early years Re-imagining the approach. In Wright, S. (Ed.), Children, Meaning Making and the Arts (2nd ed, pp. 115-134). Frenchs Forest, Australia Pearson.Ministry of Education. (1996). Te Whariki. Wellington, New Zealand Learning Media Limited.Ministry of Education. (2007). The New Zealand Curriculum. Wellington, New Zealand Learning Media Limited.Peters, S. Rameka, L. (2010). Te kakano (the seed) Growing rich mathematics in ECE settings. Early Childhood Folio, 16(2), 8-14.

Data Mining techniques

info Mining techniquesABSTRACTCompetitive advantage use ups abilities. Abilities argon built done acquaintance. Knowledge comes from info. The process of extracting knowledge from entropy is c anyed info Mining. info tap, the extraction of hidden predictive breeding from large entropybases, is advance technique to succor companies to highlight the close to important information in their info w beho utilisations. data mining tools predicts future trends and behaviors. Data mining tools so-and-so answer business questions that traditionally were too time consuming to resolve. Data Mining techniques can be implemented rapidly on existing software and hardware platforms to enhance the value of existing information resources, and can be combined with vernal products and system as they are brought online.A Data storage warehouse is a platform that contains all of an organizations entropy in 1 baffle in a commutationized and normalized form for deployment to substance abusers, to fulfill simple reporting to complicated compend, decision support and executive level reporting/archiving needs. Physically, a information warehouse is a memorial of information that businesses need to thrive in the information age. Analytically, a entropy warehouse is a modern reporting environs that provides users direct access to their data. In the information age, data warehousing is a powerful strategic weapon. Not only does it let organizations compete across time, it is to a fault a rising tide strategy that can elevate the strategic acumen of all employees in a fields.This paper presents an overview of the data mining and warehousing, their base definitions, how they are implemented and their pros and cons. data computer memoryIn todays competitive global business environment, it is crucial for organisations to understand and manage green light wide information for making timely decisions and respond to changing business conditions. With the receding e conomy, enterprises require changed their business focus towards customer orientation to remain competitive. Consequently, CRM tops their agenda and numerous companies are realizing the business advantage of leveraging one of their key assets data. Many research reports indicate that the nub of data in a given organization multiply every five years. As said earlier, the most fundamental aspect affecting the successful functioning of a business enterprise is the crucial decisions taken in this regard by the management. The cardinal entity that helps them in taking these decisions is the business critical information. This information can only be reliable and accurate if all the business link data is properly analyzed and further a thorough analysis is only possible if all the data affecting the enterprise is present at one place. The solution a data warehouseData Warehouse is a single, fatten out consistent store of data obtained from a variety of different sources made un committed to end users in what they can understand use in a business context. Today, data warehousing is one of the most talked-about business technologies in the corporate world.DATA MININGData mining is a powerful newfangled technology with great potential to help companies focus on the most important information in the data they have collected about the behavior of their customers and potential customers. It discovers information within the data that queries and reports cant effectively reveal. The amount of raw data stored in corporate databases is exploding. From trillions of point-of-sale transactions and credit card purchases to pixel-by-pixel images of galaxies, databases are now measured in gigabytes and terabytes. Raw data by itself, however, does not provide much information. In todays fiercely competitive business environment, companies need to rapidly turn these terabytes of raw data into significant insights into their customers and markets to guide their marketing, investment.Fig Data ExplosionData mining, or knowledge discovery, is the computer-assisted process of digging through and analyzing enormous sets of data and then extracting the gist of the data. Data mining tools predict behaviors and future trends, allowing businesses to make proactive, knowledge-driven decisions. Data mining tools can answer business questions that traditionally were too time consuming to resolve. They flush databases for hidden patterns, finding predictive information that experts may miss because it lies outside their expectations.Data mining derives its name from the similarities in the midst of searching for valuable information in a large database and mining a mountain for a vein of valuable ore. Both processes require either sifting through an immense amount of material, or intelligently probing it to find where the value resides.Frequently, the data to be mined is first extracted from an enterprise data warehouse into a data mining database or data mart .The data mining database may be a logical rather than a physical subset of your data warehouse.DATA WAREHOUSING1. DEFINITIONA data warehousing (DW) is a subject-oriented, integrated, time variant, non-volatile collection of data in support of managements decision making. A data warehouse is a relational database management system (RDMS) which offer organizations the ability to gather and store enterprise information in a single conceptual enterprise repository and is designed specifically to meet the needs of transaction processing systems. Data Warehousing deals with the organizing collecting data into database that can be searched mined for information through the use of intelligence solution. 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF A DATA WAREHOUSE1) Subject-oriented The data in the database is organized so that all the data elements relating to the same real-world event or objective lens are linked together 2) Time-variant The changes to the data in the database are tracked and recorded so t hat reports can be produced showing changes over time 3) Non-volatile Data in the database is never over-written or deleted once committed, the data is static, read-only, but retained for future reporting and 4) Integrated The database contains data from most or all of an organizations operable applications, and that this data is made consistent. 3. ARCHITECTURE OF DATA WAREHOUSEThe architecture for a data warehouse is given below. Building this architecture requires four basic travel1) Data are extracted from the various and internal source system files and databases. In a large organization there may be dozens or even hundreds of such files and databases.2) The data from the various source systems are transformed and integrated before being loaded into the data warehouse. Transactions may be sent to the sources system to correct errors discover in data staging.3) The data warehouse is a database organized for decision support. It contains both detailed and summary data.4) subst ance abuser access the data warehouse by means of a variety of query languages and analytical tools. Results (e.g. prediction, forecast ) may be fed back to data ware house and operational databases. Information integrated in advanceStored in warehouse for direct querying and analysis Fig Architecture of typical data warehouse ,and the querying and data-analysis support Architecture in Conceptual ViewSingle-layer Every data element is stored once only Virtual warehouse Two-layer Real-time + derived data Most commonly employ approach in industry today Three-layer transformation of real-time data to derived data really requires 2 steps 4. ISSUES IN BUILDING A WAREHOUSE1) When and how gather data In a source driven architecture for gathering data, there data sources transmit new information. In a destination -driven architecture, the data warehouse periodically sends request for new data to the data source . 2) What Schema To Use Data sources that have been constructed independently are likely to have different schemas, part of data warehouse is schema integration, and to convert data to the integrated schema before they are stored .as a result data stored in warehouse are not just a copy of the data at the source 3) Data neaten The task of correcting and preprocessing data is called data cleansing data sources often deliver data with numerous minor inconsistencies that can be corrected.4) How To Propagate Updates Updates on dealings at the data sources must be propagated to data warehouse, if the relations at the data warehouse are exactly the same as those data source, annex is straightforward 5) What To Summarize The data generated by the transaction-processing system may be too large to store online .we can maintain summary of data obtained by aggregation on a relation.5. DATA WAREHOUSE MODELData warehousing is the process of extracting and transforming operational data into informational data and loading it into a central data store or warehouse. Onc e the data is loaded it is accessible via desktop query and analysis tools by the decision makers. The data warehouse flummox is illustrated in the following figure. The materialized views contain summary data compiled from several data sources. The auxiliary views in the picture are not mandatory, and are use to contain additional information needed to support the synchronization of the materialized views with the data sources. Fig Data ware house modelThe data within the true warehouse itself has a distinct structure with the stress on different levels of summarization as shown in the figure below. Fig Structure of data warehouse6. STAGES IN IMPLEMENTATION A DW implementation requires the integration of implementation of many products. Following are the steps of implementation-Step1 Collect and analyze the business requirements.Step2 hold a data model and physical design for the DW.Step3 Define the Data sources.Step4 Choose the DBMS and software platform for DW.Step5 Extract t he data from the operational data sources, transfer it, clean it load into the DW model or data mart.Step6 Choose the database access and reporting tools.Step7 Choose the database connectivity software.Step8 Choose the data analysis and presentation software.Step9 play along refreshing the data warehouse periodically. 7. DATA MARTSA data warehouse is the sum of all its data marts. A data mart is a complete pie-wedge of the overall data warehouse pie, a restriction of the data warehouse to a single business process or to a group of related business processes targeted toward a particular business group. Data marts can be customized for the end users ,and can present data in different formats for the end-users benefit. Data marts can employ OLAP , which is a method of database indexing that enhances quick access to data, specially in queries of data or viewing the data from many different aspects.DATA MINING1. DEFINITIONData Mining, or Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) as it is also known, is the nontrivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown, and potentially useful information from data.Data mining refers to using a variety of techniques to identify nuggets of information or decision-making knowledge in bodies of data, and extracting these in such a way that they can be put to use in the areas such as decision support, prediction, forecasting and estimation. The data is often voluminous, but as it stands of low value as no direct use can be made of it it is the hidden information in the data that is useful.A data mining is also defined as A new discipline lying at the interface of statistics, data base technology, pattern recognition, and machine learning, and concerned with secondary analysis of large data bases in order to find previously unsuspected relationships, which are of interest of value to their owners. 2. PROCESSThe data mining process can be dual-lane into four steps Data Selection Data Processing Data Transformation Data Mining Inte rpretation Evaluation Fig Process used in data mining3. WORKINGWhile large-scale information technology has been evolving separate transaction and analytical systems, data mining provides the link between the two. Data mining software analyzes relationships and patterns in stored transaction data based on open-ended user queries. Several types of analytical software are available statistical, machine learning, and neural networks. Generally, any of four types of relationships are sought Classes Stored data is used to locate data in predetermined groups. For example, a restaurant mountain range could mine customer purchase data to determine when customers visit and what they typically order. This information could be used to increase traffic by having daily specials. Clusters Data items are grouped according to logical relationships or consumer preferences. For example, data can be mined to identify market segments or consumer affinities. Associations Data can be mined to identif y associations. The beer-diaper example is an example of associative mining. Sequential patterns Data is mined to anticipate behavior patterns and trends. For example, an outdoor equipment retailer could predict the likelihood of a backpack being purchased based on a consumers purchase of sleeping bags and hiking shoes. 4. MODELS RELATED TO DATA MININGThere are two types of model or modes of operation, which may be used to discover information of interest to the user. 1) Verification Model The verification model takes input from the user and tests the validity of it against the data. The emphasis is with the user who is responsible for formulating the hypothesis and issuing the query on the data to affirm or negate the hypothesis. 2) Discovery ModelThe discovery model differs in its emphasis in that it is the system automatically discovering important information hidden in the data. The data is sifted in search of frequently occurring patterns, trends and generalizations about the data without intervention or guidance from the user. 5. TECHNIQUES USED IN DATA MINING Artificial neural networks Non-linear predictive models that learn through training and resemble biological neural networks in structure. Decision trees Tree-shaped structures that represent sets of decisions. These decisions generate rules for the classification of a dataset. Specific decision tree methods include Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and Chi Square machine-driven Interaction Detection (CHAID). Genetic algorithms Optimization techniques that use processes such as genetic combination, mutation, and natural selection in a design based on the concepts of evolution. Nearest neighbor method A technique that classifies each record in a dataset based on a combination of the classes of the k record(s) most similar to it in a historical dataset (where k 1). Sometimes called the k-nearest neighbor technique. Rule induction The extraction of useful if-then rules from data based on statistical significance. 6. TWO STYLES OF DATA MININGThere are two styles of data mining. Directed data mining is a top-down approach, used when we know what we are looking for. This often takes the form of predictive modeling, where we know exactly what we want to predict. Undirected data mining is a bottom-up approach that lets the data declaim for itself. Undirected data mining finds patterns in the data and leaves it up to the user to determine whether or not these patterns are important. 7. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONSData mining has many and varied fields of application some of which are listed below. Marketing Identify buying patterns from customers Market basket analysis. Banking Detect patterns of fraudulent credit card use Identify loyal customers. Insurance and Health Care Claims analysis, Predict which customers will buy new policies Identify fraudulent behavior. Transportation Determine the distribution schedules canvass loading patterns.CONCLUSIONOrganizations today are under tremendous pressure to compete in an environment of tight deadlines and reduced profits. Legacy business processes that require data to be extracted and manipulated prior to use will no longer be acceptable. Instead, enterprises need rapid decision support based on the analysis and forecasting of predictive behavior. Data-warehousing and data-mining techniques provide this capability.A data warehouse is a modern reporting environment that provides users direct access to their data. A Data warehousing is the sum of all its Data Marts. Data warehousing strategy allows organizations to move from a defensive to an offensive decision-making position. The purpose of data warehouse is to consolidate and integrate data from a variety of sources and to format those data in a context for making accurate business decisions.Data mining offers firms in many industries the ability to discover hidden patterns in their data patterns that can help them understand customer behavior and ma rket trends. The advent of parallel processing and new software technology enable customers to capitalize on the benefits of data mining more effectively than had been possible previously. REFERENCES1) www.geekinterview.com/Interview-Questions/Data-Warehouse 2) www.datawarehousing.com/ 3) http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_warehouse 4) www.megaputer.com5) www.research.microsoft.com

Causes Of The Genocide In Bosnia

Causes Of The Genocide In BosniaIn 1980, the president Josip Tito of Yugoslavia died. later on the loss of their president, Yugoslavia had political and sparing chaos. Slobodan Milosevic became the attracter of Serbia in 1987. He was a strong Serb nationalist and encouraged his beliefs in Serbia and in other republics with large Serb communities. The Serbs in Bosnia were non happy expression like they were now part of Milosevics Greater Serbia. The Yugoslavian Army mostly had Serbs. Radovan Karadzic led Serbs who built their own Republica Srpska in the East, while a Bosnian Serb troops was in control of the other of the country, driving out most of the Bosnian Croats. Then the European Union tried to help both sides, and failed. The U.N. didnt want to generate involved, but helped a little by providing some troop convoys for humanitarian aid. They later decided to help much by providing six safe argonas. The Serbs invaded five of the six safe areas and paganally cleansed t hem.The BackgroundBosnia is one of the several small countries that emerged from the break-up of Yugoslavia, a multicultural country created after World War One. Yugoslavia was composed of ethnic and religious groups that had been historicalal rivals, including the Serbs (Orthodox Christians), Croats (Catholics) and ethnic Albanians ( Moslems).During World War Two, Yugoslavia was invaded by Nazi Germany and was separated. Following Germanys defeat, Tito reunified Yugoslavia by merging many countries. Tito, a Communist, was a strong leader who maintained ties with the Soviet Union and the coupled States during the Cold War, playing one superpower against the other while obtaining financial assistance and other aid from both. After his death in 1980 and without his strong leadership, Yugoslavia quickly plunged into political and economic chaos.OrganizersIn the late 1980s, a new leader by the name of Slobodan Milosevic came to power in Yugoslavia. He used religious hatred to control the people by sparking old tensions between the Serbians and Muslims. He took advantage of complaints from the Orthodox Catholic Serbs by pickings control of the country Kosovo, where the Serbs were the minority. Milosevic then turned his focus to Croatia, a country with 12 percent Serbs. With the assistance of Serbian guerrillas, Milosevic invaded the small country under the pretenses of protect the Serbs.Milosevics motives for this genocide were strongly based on retaliation. Many Serbian citizens had been subject to genocide during World War Two and they finally had a chance to bulge out even with their enemies. After 13 years at power, the Yugoslavian nations revolted and a national strike followed. Milosevic was tried on the following counts in 2002 genocide complicity in genocide deportation murder persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds inhumane acts/forcible transfer extermination imprisonment torture headstrong killing unlawful confinement willfully causing great suffering unlawful deportation or transfer extensive destruction and appropriation of property, not justified by army necessity and carried out unlawfully and wantonly cruel treatment plunder of public or private property attacks on civilians destruction or willful damage done to historic monuments and institutions dedicated to education or religion unlawful attacks on civilian objects. Milosevic died on sue 11, 2006, at the U.N. war crimes tribunal detention center.VictimsIn the Bosnian genocide, hundreds of thousands of people were victimized. About 80% of these people were Bosnian Muslims. After The Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia state its independence, Bosnian Serbs along with the Yugoslav army attacked the Bosnian and Croatian civilians.Between 1992 and 1995, Serbia decided to ethnically cleanse the Bosnian land by removing all Bosnian Muslims systematically. Many were forced into concentration camps. The Muslims were tortured, starved, and eventually murdered. Over the war, about one million Bosnian Muslims were forced out of their homes. In 1993, the Security Council in the United Nation had Sarajevo, Srebrenica, Goradze, and other Muslim territories in safe areas that were protected by United Nation peacekeepers. At a safe area in Srebrenica, Serbs held a very large massacre. Many of the Muslims escaped the fighting by running away. The men that were able to fight were kept behind and killed. The elderly, women, and children were taken to a Muslim controlled territory on busses. Once the massacre ended, the bodies were moved by bulldozers by the Serbs in attempts to conceal the evidence.World ResponseAs a result, U.S. President George provide chose not to get involved militarily, instead recognizing the independence of Slovenia and Croatia. In April 1992, the U.S. and European community recognized Bosnias independence.Even though media showed the secret camps, mass killings, and destruction of historic architecture in Bosnia, the world communit y remained mostly indifferent.The United Nations finally responded by imposing economic sanctions on Serbia and the U.N. also deployed its troops to protect the diffusion of food and medicine to dispossessed Muslims, however, the U.N. strictly told troops not to interfere with military against the Serbs.Through 1993, the U.S. and European Community still hadnt taken any military action until August 30, 1995. On this day, The U.S. led a massive NATO bombing campaign in response to the killings.AftermathTop of FormPeace negotiations were held in Dayton, Ohio, and an agreement was signed in December 1995. Bosnia is now divided into a Croat-Muslim Federation and Republika Srpska. A NATO peace-keeping Implementation Force of 60,000 was deployed it was later replaced by a NATO stabilisation Force. The war in Bosnia led deaths of tens of thousands men and boys that left the country without enough workers to keep their economy stable. Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Muslims who make up the Fede ration of Croats and Muslins are not getting along because of their political and economic differences. There is a rotating presidency of a Bosnian Croat, Bosnian Serb, and a Bosnian Muslim all three years that many experts consider to be dangerous. The ethnic differences between Muslims, Croats, and Serbs are still keeping the nation of Bosnia-Herzegovina from being one, because they all want more governmental control over the other. The effects of the Bosnian Genocide still float in the background for this troubled country. Because there is still ethnic neck ruff in Bosnia, there is fear that genocide could occur once more in the torn country.By now, over 200,000 Muslim civilians have been systematically murdered. more than 20,000 are missing and feared dead, while 2,000,000 have become refugees.

McCarthy :: essays research papers

While I cannot take the time to name tout ensemble of the men in theState Department who reach been named as members of theCommunist party and members of a spy ring, I have here in my snuff it a rock of 205 that were known to the Secretary of theState as being members of the Communist party and whonevertheless are still working and shaping the policy ofthe State Department. (Bayley, 1981,p.17)This story is held responsible for sparking the McCarthyism era.The incidents following it, represent a journalistic period paralleledto the Christian views of the Spanish Inquisition a time period of markembarrassment and horror never to be forgotten.     Later McCarthy said the get along he gave in his speech was not 205 but 57.The fact is that Desmond had a compose copy of the speech before McCarthy gaveit, but he could have changed the number to 57 when he actually presented thespeech. Regardless, the number 57 would have been just as shocking as 205. Thereporters ethics and/or practices were questionable in handling this story.Why he did not ask to see the list of 205 Communists? If he did, score mayhave been different, for as McCarthy said himself "what he held in his hand wasthe Byrnes garner, not a list."(Bayley, 1981, p.24) If Desmond had reported thatMcCarthy was holding a letter, not a list, the newspapers would have handled thestory much differently. A letter from one person to another, which suggestsunfit employees, would have made much less news than the illusion of an actuallist of names.     This lack of verification, was one of many press blunders that followedover the next few weeks. In general the press poor practice would be carriedout for the next fivesome years. "I have here in my hand,..." was a phrase that"became more popular than a famous toothpaste slogan,"(Belfrage, 1973, p.117)which he used on an infinite number of occasions to refer to documents he wouldpull from his bri efcase to support wild accusations. The legitimacy of thedocuments much like that of the accusations seemed never to have been verifiedby the reporters on sight. The Byrness letter that McCarthy pulled out onFebruary 9, 1950 was one of these unchecked documents. The content of theletter gives us insight into McCarthys ability to manipulate the facts, andcover his tracks just enough so that an unambitious, careless reporter wouldhelp him spread his word.     The letter from which the number 205 is extracted is dated 26 July 1946,from Secretary of State James F.

DNA Testing and the Conviction of Criminals Essay -- Exploratory Essay

desoxyribonucleic acid Testing and the Conviction of Criminals There have been many incidents where character references have needed a solid prosecution in club to convict the defendant in a murder or rape case. This is where DNA Testing comes in to help. By taking a DNA test, a person can be found guilty or not guilty. If a person claims they have been raped there can be a sperm sample taken from the suspect in come out to prove that he is guilty or not. In addition, in a murder case there can be blood taken from the suspect so they can tell of his innocence. There argon several ways to determine whether a person is guilty or not by this method. Many cases have begun to use this method saying that it is foolproof. People say this is the method of the future of discourtesy scene investigation. DNA Testing is a foolproof way to prove whether a criminal is innocent or guilty.I believe in order to be able to DNA Test I have to know what DNA is in the first place. According to the Na tional Institute of Justice DNA is the primary carrier of genetic in stockation in living organisms, consists of a very long spiral structure that has been likened to a twisted ladder(1997). The handrails of this ladder are made up of bases, which are nucleic acids. These nucleic acids combine to form pairs, which then creates nucleotides. These pairs create the genetic code of DNA (National Institute of Justice, 1997). The National Institute claims that these nucleic acids combine to form pairs, which then creates nucleotides. These pairs create the genetic code of DNA (1999). The four nucleic acids are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine (All About DNA, 1998). Many people cannot necessarily always rely on fingerprints. DNA evidence is the method of the future. Crimes will be sol... ...National Institute of Justice Research in Action. (1998). The Unrealized Potential of DNA Testing. Washington, DC U.S. presidential term Printing Office.National Institute of Justice Research P review. (1997). Automated DNA Typing Method of the Future? Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office.Robertson, J., Ross, A.M., & Burgoyne, L.A. (Eds.). (1990). DNA in forensic science theory, techniques, and applications. England Ellis Howard Limited. Stevens, M., (2002, May). Do fingerprints lie? Retrieved April 8, 2004, from http//www.newyorker.com/fact/content/ ?020527 fa_ FACTWhat every law enforcement officer should know about DNA evidence. (1999,September). Retrieved April 18, 2004, from http//www.ncjrs.org/nij/DNAbro/evi.html Wright, R. (1999). James Watson and Francis Crick. age Magazine. Retrieved April 6, 2004, from http//www.time.com/