Origins Of The Twin Revolutions - 1287 Words

Yevgeniya Erdyniyeva Instructor –Ibrahim Bilal History 3005 December 1, 2015 What were the origins of the â€Å"twin revolutions† and how did they combine to create what we call â€Å"modernity†? Modernity, it is a macro process of transition from traditional to modern society. â€Å"Formation of a modern political map of the world began in early 1800 in Western Europe and maybe characterized as the product of the twin revolutions.† European colonization of the New World, the economic and political development of new territories led to significant changes in the political map. Modernity it is a complex of multi-faceted process that took a place in Europe during the 18th century and had covered all aspects of society. The modernity of the production meant the industrialization - is constantly growing use of machines. In the social sphere modernization is closely linked with urbanization, an unprecedented growth of cities, which led to prevailing in the economic life of society. In the political sphere modernity meant the democracy of political structures, laying the preconditions for the formation of a civil society and rule of law. In the spiritual realm associated with secularization -: the release of all spheres of public and private life from the separation of religion and the church, their worldliness and intensive development of literacy, education, scientific knowledge. 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Essay about Article Review of When Growth Stalls - 780 Words

Article Review of When Growth Stalls Review of: Olson, Matthew S., Van Bever, Derek ,Verry, Seth. 2008. When Growth Stalls. Harvard Business Review, 51-62. The article raises the issue of revenue growth stalls that affect even the most successful companies. The article focuses on four major causes of the crisis. The first cause is the premium-position captivity that is†the inability of a firm to respond effectively to new, low-cost competitive challenge or to a significant shift in customer valuation of product features† (p.54). The second reason is the innovation management breakdown that is†some chronic problem in managing the internal business process for updating existing product and services and creating new one† (p.56). Third†¦show more content†¦Next, 3M fell into the innovation management breakdown trap when they decided to decrease RD expenditures below their conventional average and shifted the RD activities to the company’s divisions. Accordingly, â€Å"major new-product development activity was replaced by incremental product line extensions† (p.56) that resulted in a major rev enue stall. The premature core abandonment cause is illustrated with the Kmart example. While the company was investing in a range of unrelated businesses searching for growth, Wal-Mart developed effective distribution and inventory systems. Kmart’s management failed to monitor and match these systems and fell far behind its rival. Hitachi’s example illustrates the talent bench shortfall. One of the leading causes of the stall was the company had executive management that lacked capabilities. The concepts of the growth stall and its main underlying reasons highlighted in the article are closely related to many firms that functioned or that are still functioning today. 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British Airways As An Airline Company Analysis - Free Samples

Question: Analyse the British Airways as an airline company which operates from United Kingdom and caters to customers from across the world. The analysis is devoted to evaluate the company strategies and policies in respect to the basic management concepts. Answer: Executive Summary The following project is an analysis of British Airways as an airline company which operates from United Kingdom and caters to customers from across the world. The analysis is devoted to evaluate the company strategies and policies in respect to the basic management concepts. In order to evaluate the company and its strategies, the report starts with defining and introducing the company with its operational details. Further, by the use of different management tools and concepts the project conducts and analysis of the corporate and business strategy. The analysis is also done through and internal as well as an external analysis of this global airline. To conclude, the report offers its own answers to the evaluation strategies and the success it has brought to the company. It concludes with the interpretation and defines how strong the company is today and what it can do to boost its future possibilities. Introduction British Airways as rightly mentioned is a global airline and operates in over 149 destinations in over 72 different countries. The British Airways is a part of the British Airways PLC which has several subsidiaries. The airline has catered to over 90 million passengers and carried over 2500,000 tons of cargo till today. BA is basically based in United Kingdom and employs 85% of its employees from UK only. As per the mission of the company it aims to become the worlds favourite airline by 2020 and provide a range of service experiences and achieve newer levels in in-flight as well as ground services. For the next decade the vision as released by the company it intends to offer carbon offsetting and is among the 1st airlines to win the government approval for launching Department for Energy and Climate Change new Carbon Offsetting Quality Assurance Scheme. In the coming 10 years the target is to reduce climate change emissions in aviation with a cap on net emissions and touching a 50% reduction by 2050. These are intended to guarantee an environment which targets are met leads to minimization of costs for the passengers (Cws.cengage 2007). Corporate Strategy Become the airline of everyones choice for long term Delivering extraordinary services to all the customers Grow their presence in all the global cities Build a leading position in the city of London meet the clients' requirements and enhance the margins through new income sources (Marketing society 2013) British Airlines have survived phenomenal economic situations in the course of the most recent year and a half. All through this they have stayed concentrated on the system to turn into the world's driving worldwide premium air transport. The moves they make now to make the expense base more effective and their unstinting focus on remarkable client administration are discriminating parts of long term vision. They will decide how emphatically they rise up out of the present downturn and it will help them to make a feasible and productive future for its business, profiting our clients, partners and the shareholders (British Airways 2010). Global What they offer will speak to clients over the globe. The areas where they work, people and business voyagers alike will need to fly with them at whatever point they should. Premium They will verify all our clients appreciate a one of a kind premium administration at whatever point and the areas where they come in contact with the company. The clients will perceive that the administration we offer is justified even despite paying that tad bit more for (Paris school of economics 2010). Airline They should always stay concentrated on flying - moving individuals and payload is theircentre business. They create new items and administrations to supplement these aims. Business Strategy Their marketable strategy is assembled around the Global Premium Airline methodology, and characterizes in subtle element both what they have to attain to as the business, and how they have to cooperate. It envelops their Compete change program. This is connected to our sponsorship of the London 2012 Olympics and Paralympic Games, and is tasked with invigorating our society. The arrangement is organized around five key subjects - Customer, Colleagues, Excellence, Performance, and Partnership (Dspace 2012). Despite the tough monetary environment, and challenging mechanical relations, they stayed committed to the achievement of their goals, including abnormal amounts of volunteering to back the operation through interruption. In recent times they have been looking forward to expand on this in various ways. They have always been working to support the engagement right over the Company, arousing their associates with the drive towards ever more noteworthy client administration. They stay focused on speculations to enhance the way we deal with their ability, with the centre in the not so distant future on the advancement of our forefront pioneers. Furthermore we will install our client driven standpoint into our prize system, and progressively utilize execution related pay (Iata 2012). They will keep on evolving their items, for example through the take-off of the restyled lodge, and through the advancement of items fit for Airbus 380s and Boeing 787s, that they have on request. They would refine the Terminal 5 experience for premium travellers, and additionally making focused on interests in abroad parlours. Another in-flight amusement framework is being presented on their new long-term air ship, beginning with their Boeing 777-300ers. They will proceed with the focused on improvement of ba.com that has made it such an essential mostly clients connect with them. They would work to reaffirm their image in the changing and savagely focused commercial centre. Value chain analysis: Internal Analysis BA has attempted to control the framework further by futuristic and retrogressive relief. Through controlling numerous part supplies in-house, and through BA Holidays Plc., BA expands their span in the worth framework to channel quality chains and supplier. Inbound Logistics: Merchandise got from organization suppliers are alluded to as the inbound logistics. Newer goals are accomplished in inbound logistics phase of business conducted by BA through building on-going associations with suppliers, advanced framework for their stock control and expert preparing that has been licensed by UK City and Guilds. Outbound Logistics: The Outbound logistics includes sending prepared items to clients for utilization. Additionally, outbound logistics basically identify with assembling organizations, administrations organizations can likewise increase upper hand in conveying their administrations to their clients that would be considered as a component of the outbound logistics. BA picks up their competitive advantage in that viewpoint through incredible client administration and offering their administrations through extensive variety of air terminals far and wide. Production (operations), Marketing and Sales Service: Marketing and sales are thought to be one of the primary justifications for increasing upper hand and generally is used by numerous organizations completely. Focused edge increased in advertising and deals by BA include showcasing exercises not just to clients, additionally to all the stakeholders of the organization. Likewise, BA senior administration substantial measure of plan for advertising and sales activities for the organization. Post-deal administrations include establishment of the item, taking care of grumblings with respect to the items and administrations and so on. BA perceive post-deal administrations as an imperative ground for accomplishing upper hand in the commercial centre, subsequently have launched their unwaveringness club cards, furthermore keep up correspondence with their clients through a scope of channels. Operations Operations by and large, operations phase of the business includes planning merchandise and administrations to be sold to clients. BA has a scope of competitive planning in operations piece of the business through offering its clients expanded security for their baggage, offering snappy check-in administrations furthermore offering a few administrations, for example, ticket bookings and the booking of different administrations on the web. Support Activities Exercises that are expected to backing the primary business exercises inside quality chain-examination are alluded to as help exercises. Their effect on business might not be coordinate, in any case organizations can't stand to reject help exercises as insignificant notwithstanding the kind of the business. The components of help exercises inside worth chain investigation are acquirement, engineering advancement, human assets administration, and firm foundation (Miami-airport 2014). Procurement: The acquisition capacity of the business identifies with the buys of all merchandise and administrations that is needed for the business operations. BA increases upper hand in its acquisition work through the size and profits incredibly through the economies of scale. Manufacturing improvement:Manufacturing is an alternate variable that has been broadly recognized as an essential wellspring of upper hand for organizations, on the grounds that it permits organizations to diminish their expenses and enhance the proficiency of the operations. BA has likewise perceived the imperativeness of innovative developments and occasionally puts resources into mechanical advancements for more noteworthy consumer loyalty. The establishment of individual LCD screens in their planes can be utilized as a case for this contention (Responsible business 2010). Human resource management: The significance of workers for increasing upper hand is monstrous, particularly in administrations organizations. BA views their workers as a proficient hotspot for increasing game changer and consequently routinely devises projects and activities to expand representative occupation fulfilment levels and build their proficiency. Case in point, "Talk Up!" activity has been concocted with a specific end goal to acquire worker viewpoint on the productivity of business operations and expanding representative employment fulfilment levels (OECD 2008). Foundation:Firm foundation is an alternate essential help action for business and incorporates vital arranging, administration data framework and money related arranging. Upper hand as far as firm foundation is picked up by BA through their proficient progression structure and boundless measure of data, information and ability that the organization has (CSRwire 2001). External Analysis Threat due to new entrants Danger because of new participants in the business: The UK aerial shuttle industry is a much deregulated part and there are negligible immediate entrance confinements for contenders. Then again, it still constitutes the low risk figure because of 1) Huge Capital prerequisites for new participants 2) Saturated the whole deal market 3) Saturation of the residential market by players, for example, Ryan air and Easy Jet, the biggest transporters in this classification 4) Predominance of British Airline for real courses and centre points gives the air transport high power 5) Failure of new contestants, for example, Zoom and XL frightened mindful of new potential participants Threat of substitute products The danger for long term business is Low; however a genuine danger exists in UK's residential business. A few 'non-extravagance' aerial shuttles offer less expensive charges that cost cognizant clients need. Besides, brand name is immaterial for the buyer out to make the sparing (CIL 2010) Power of Buyers In the local level, purchasers have high power. These clients have high power due to 1) Presence of Low cost or Budget carriers - clients have numerous modest options to browse, there are upwards of 8 minimal effort transporters working in U.K. right no 2) Increasing access to the web, which offers speedy cost examinations - in the U.K. upwards of 46% of clients at present book tickets on the web. For whole deal administrations, purchasers have low power because of irrelevant item and value separate Bargaining power of suppliers British Airways suppliers have high power. The aerial shuttle confronts a supplier hazard from around 25 suppliers. Interruption of suppliers operations would undermine BA's operations. . BA is presently meeting expectations with suppliers, for example, plane suppliers Boeing and Airbus to change their agreement in light of present money related insecurity. Moreover, British Airways workers have solid haggling power through the unions Competitive rivalry Aggressive contention: Key to BA's procedure is to offer all the short and long pull flights. There is little value separation in the middle of BA and rivals in whole deal. Be that as it may, rivalry still exists: 1) Fierce focused strategies from contenders 2) Increased union among BA's rivals (Media.cooperate 2007) CSR/Sustainability Strategy British Airways henceforth consent to be a piece of the offer that displayed an astounding open door for getting some direct involvement on the planet's first outflow exchanging plan. The administration additionally paid impetuses for advancing the activity so that organizations as a component of the plan could make the best deliberate diminishment which was conceivable. In the present times the British aviation routes set its new focuses for aggregate diminishment in its yearly outflows of around 125,000 tons of Co2. Further they would also focus on the organization consenting to the legislature of UK for expanding the wilful targets (3ecomapny 2013). The investment of a huge carrier organization, for example, British Airways created that ETS could be a piece of the avionics area. Further it structured a premise for empowering other organizations in distinctive divisions for making a move. One such illustration is the property office which was situated to 2% every annum decrease in vitality. These activities and inclusion prompted sparing more than 31,000 tons of Co2 every annum. As a piece of CSR exercises subsequent to the year 2005 British Airways has been guiding carbon balances venture. It has permitted travellers to balance the carbon consumption brought on because of go by the interest in carbon counterbalances ventures. Till today British Airways has done extensively well to advance the plan through its press dispatches, messages to official club parts and different articles distributed in magazines (Cloudfront 2014). However the main element which may have opposed the travellers to pay extra expenses was the increment in fuel additional charges. One of alternate parts of the project emerged from absence of information in the field of barometrical science and the relationship between flight, climate and environmental change. The organization trying to answer this inquiry to infer the conceivable impacts a flying machine prompted cirrus mists on environmental change partook in the European Commission's examination program (IAGOS) in the year 2005. For this exploration the organization introduced gadgets and exceptional instruments on its planes for measuring and also observing the air amid flights. While actualizing its CSR plans, British Airways needed to counter a few difficulties which are still common today. The political environment inside which the organization is working has a few perspectives on the environmental change which has its own levels of mindfulness which encompasses the subject. In the UK district the legislatures had constantly made it clear that the scale at which the avionics business was growing implied that the business would have a few natural issues to manage. Anyway the vast majority of the other European nations did not experience such definite counsel or investigation which has not brought much clarity on the issue. Fetched ramifications were the other test the organization confronted when alternate contenders were not confronting such issues (Gao 2001). The British Airways endeavoured to manage all these difficulties and thus enhance the understanding of these issues by being proactive in its administration and invigorating the civil argument throu gh immediate promotion of the legislature's cooperation (Responsible flying 2012). Evaluation of Strategy Strengths Brand picture is solid Presence of associations and organizations together Use of Term planning Weaknesses History of poor representative relations Low levels of unwavering quality and trust for example, poor services to some of the clients Opportunities Some contenders compelled to passageway Emergence of new markets Quality framework focused around Skytrax Competitors inability to convey decisions Threats Environmental concerns and mindfulness Global monetary emergency Lower cost rivalry The open skies under which they operate (Easts 2005) Market Penetration In spite of the fact that BA as of now has vicinity in the current business sector it is confronting solid rivalry. Case in point, in the short pull market, quickly soaking with plan carriers, BA lost 1 billion in incomes by end of 2009/2010 money related year. The significant choices as of now are (Media.corporate 2001) 1) Improving on individuals procedures including group taking care of clients 2) Further speculation on data engineering particularly on web booking Market Development Market improvement technique concentrates on non-purchasing customers in as of now presently focused on portions and spotlights on new clients in new sections. BA is attempting to recapture a few business class clients from Virgin aerial shuttles and different contenders. BA's dedication program where little to medium estimated organizations gain faithfulness focuses is a beginning stage. Further, BA presented the fruitful all business class administration from London to New York in 2011 (Ec.europa 2010). Diversification Diversification is a business system that endeavours to build productivity by presenting new items in new markets. New and developing markets in the far and Middle East offer the best guarantee of great income returns and diminish the impact of decreased incomes in the conventional markets. . Development of collusions is a moderately new pattern in new markets, case in point, by teaming up with India's Kingfisher carriers; BA will expand terminus associations and enhance flight plans Most viable strategy The most ideal method for doing this is by reducing the minimum suitable choices to stay with the most reasonable alternatives. Redesign of brand picture: British Airways as of now has the preference of having a comprehensively perceived brand name. Presentation of complimentary administrations: Basically requires the redirection of capital stores to execute. Right now, it doesn't essentially improve Product advancement. Enhancing into other transport markets- Diversification is at present not a need with respect to other more gainful systems. Production network relocation: As a major aspect of expansion, this is likewise not a feasible method as of now. Dialog of the staying five most suitable systems deserving of interest and execution take after henceforth. Conclusion As a consequence of the outer and inward investigation various vital choices were proposed. It was reasoned that a joined system methodology to enhance administration quality was regarded generally suitable. Because of the current business atmosphere we have picked a methodology to solidify BA's position as business pioneer. Because of the scale and extent of BA's operations it was chosen that the centre of this report should be on planned traveller flights. It is recommended further that strategic analysis is important for implementing the SBU level strategies. For surviving in the changing environment, these options are appropriate, find application for the company. BA still tends to be the best airlines around the world. However, the competition continues to increase and they need to be innovative in their approach. They continue to work round the clock to improve their business operations. British Airways as of now faces genuine rivalry with territorial aerial shuttles and on the off chance that it is to keep up its money related steadiness, it must receive the systems prescribed. To be sure British Airways requires inside and out examination of technique issues ceaselessly on the off chance that it is to survive. References: British Airways 2010, Our strategy and objectives, accessed on 26th January 2015. Responsible flying 2012, Corporate responsibility report, accessed on 26th January 2015. Media.corporate 2001, A focused strategy for 21st Century, accessed on 26th January 2015. 3ecomapny 2013, Strategies for Corporate Social Responsibility, accessed on 26th January 2015. Responsible business 2010, A strategic approach to CSR, accessed on 26th January 2015. CSRwire 2001, Building Your CSR Business Strategy, accessed on 26th January 2015. Iata 2012, The future of airline distribution, accessed on 26th January 2015. Cws.cengage 2007, Operations, Strategy and operations strategy, accessed on 26th January 2015. Dspace 2012, Analysis of global airline alliances, accessed on 26th January 2015. Marketing society 2013, British airways: How to aim for market leadership, accessed on 26th January 2015. OECD 2008, The impacts of globalisation on International Air Transport Activity, accessed on 26th January 2015. Ec.europa 2010, British airways, ilberia and American airlines: airline cooperation and consolidated review, accessed on 26th January 2015. Gao 2001, Alliance between American airlines and British airways, accessed on 26th January 2015. Cloudfront 2014, british airways, accessed on 26th Janaury 2015. .

Problem Cell Phones free essay sample

A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone, and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station. In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones. Disadvantages Advantages of Cell phone According to : http://vidyaprakash. expertscolumn. com/article/disadvantages-cell-phones Cell phone is playing an important role in this modern world. It is very hard to see a person without a mobile phone. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Cell Phones or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even a little kid have the ability to access the cell phone fluently without any problem. Kids are very much interested in playing games in mobile phone and spending a lot of time with it. As we know too much of cell phone usage is not good for us and it will give some unwanted health issues. Cell phone will create some unwanted radiation which is not good for our brain. A person who is using cell for a long time will surely get health issues due to it. We must control our cell activities. Avoid using it for a long time and use it whenever necessary. Listening music using the ear phone is the new trend of the youngsters and most of the persons are interested in listening music with their hands free while riding their two wheeler. Really it is a dangerous thing which causes a lot of unwanted accidents. Most of the two wheeler accidents are happened due to this activity. Now we are living a fast life and dont have enough time to meet our friends and family members. Simply we make a call to them and ask about their updates. Previously people will meet their friends and beloved persons directly and ask about their present status, but now it is easy to communicate with anyone using the phone and most of the persons are converted to this trend it reduce the get together and social reunions a lot. Students will get diversion with cell phones, they are spending a lot of time with cell phone chatting and browsing online through their smart phone and reduce their studying activity. Most of the students are turned as cell phone and online addicts which is a great disadvantage. There is nothing wrong in using cell phone, we must use it in a limited manner to avoid unwanted issues due to it. Statement of the problem Cell phones have recently become an asset to society. Because of this, many of the negatives to cell phone ownership have been overlooked. Just a few of these problems are : Increases the likelihood of traffic accidents Increases the risk of brain cancer Scope and Limitations The research that I will conduct is only limited to students, particularly 4th year – Springtime batch 2013-2014 II. Review of related Literatures This section presents a summary of previous research materials. Information found within this section is all found in the web and journals. Cell phones do more harm than good According to: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mobile_phone A hand-held mobile radiotelephone is an old dream of radio engineering. Arthur C. Clarke in a 1959 essay, where he envisioned a personal transceiver, so small and compact that every man carries one. He wrote: the time will come when we will be able to call a person anywhere on Earth merely by dialing a number. Such a device would also, in Clarkes vision, include means for global positioning so that no one need ever again be lost. Later, in Profiles of the Future, he predicted the advent of such a device taking place in the mid-1980s The most commonly used data application on mobile phones is SMS text messaging. The first SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the UK, while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993. Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, including keeping in touch with family members, conducting business, and having access to a telephone in the event of an emergency. Some people carry more than one cell phone for different purposes, such as for business and personal use. Multiple SIM cards may also be used to take advantage of the benefits of different calling plans—a particular plan might provide cheaper local calls, long-distance calls, international calls, or roaming. The most advantage of having mobile phone is you can communicate with your family, and friends no matter where you are. Cell phones also have applications for listening to music, playing games, and surfing the net. Besides that, there are lots of disadvantages. Using mobile phones can harm our brains, especially for those who are under the age of sixteen. Excessive use of mobile phones has been accused of causing dizziness, and â€Å"radiations emitted from the phone are harmful for the eardrum†, say many scientists. In addition, when we use mobile phones while driving it causes unwanted accidents. Negative effects of cell phones on our brain Radiation from mobile phones may cause brain tissue damage, a two-year study has found. Scientists discovered that emissions from handsets affect the delicate make-up of cells in blood vessels, and could be a health hazard to regular users of the UKs 50million mobile phones. The radiation might disable a safety barrier in the body which protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood, they believe. It is the first time scientists have used cells from human blood vessels rather than rats, bringing researchers closer to the truth about long-term mobile phone use. Despite the millions spent on research in the last decade, the health implications of sustained use are still unclear. The biggest British study, led by Sir William Stewart, found two years ago that there was no evidence of a risk to health. A study published last year by the American National Cancer Institute also could not find a link between increased risk of brain cancer and mobile use. III. Research Methodology Research Design Name: Age: Sex: 1. How often do you use your cell phone ? 2. Do you know that using cell phone too much causes unwanted damages to the brain ? If yes. Do you believe that children below 10 years of age shouldn’t use cell phones ? 3. Is it really necessary for a person to have a cell phone ? Explain. 4. Is cell phone a disadvantage or advantage to your life ? Explain. Data Gathering Procedure The researcher will randomly ask ten (10 ) representatives out of the 37 students in the 4th year. A questionnaire was prepared by the researcher that will be used as a reference. The survey was conducted through the net. IV. Analysis and Interpretation of Data This chapter presents the findings, analysis and interpretation of data gathered by the researcher whose main objective is to find out the different perspectives of people and to find out what kind of damage our cell phone will do to our brain and also to state some advantages of it. Through my research I’ve found out that many scientist have and will conduct research about the radiation that we can get from cell phones. Mostly scientist from America conducts these kinds of researches. I also found out that the radiation of the cell phone emits is dangerous to all of us. Especially those who are 16 years of age and below. I also found out that there is not enough proof that cell phones can really damage our brain. Someone said that it is early for us to conclude that cell phones are bad for our health. Because even scientists can’t really find the right answer to our questions. A scientist said that we don’t know what will be the impact of the radiation of the cell phone emits will do to us if we still use it for the next 10 or even 20 years. He also said that that is the reason why we need to conduct more studies. According to my survey 9 out of 10 said that they always use their cell phones. 9 out 10 said that they know that using cell phone too much causes unwanted damages to the brain. 10 out of 10 said that having cell phone is necessary because it’s time for us to upgrade and use the cell phone to communicate and because it is easier to do, it also takes less of our time if we use our cell phones as I have said in my introduction cell phones are wireless, we can use them anywhere. 5 out of 10 said that cell phones are advantages to their lives. Because it makes almost everything easy. 1 out of 10 said that it is a disadvantage because is makes us lazy. 4 out of 10 said that they pick advantage and disadvantage.