Cross Symbol

A cross represents many things to different people. Some view it as simply a‘t’. For others, it is their way of life. Many in America feel this way. A cross is the main symbol for Christianity, and as Christianity is the main religion in America, it can be considered a symbol of American culture. A cross is more than just a t-shaped piece of wood. A cross is the representative symbol of American culture. One morning, a long while ago, there was a man. This was before crosses had the present day meaning. He was to be crucified on a wood-shaped t contraption.It was called a cross. Forwarding to the present day, when most people think of or hear the word cross, they think of a battered old wood piece that is in the shape of a lower case t. While that is generally what a cross will come in, it can take the form of many things. It can be made of metal, wood, plastic, cardboard, or even by crossing one’s fingers. A cross can be fancy, new, battered, or old. No matter th e look of it, though, the cross always seems the same in the hearts and minds of those who cherish it.Perhaps the most thought provoking image of a cross is when Christ is on it, nails in his feet and hands, with a pierced wound in his side, his head bowed to heaven. The cross is both a symbol of happiness and sadness. One of the main reasons that pilgrims and settlers came over to the future site of the great United States of America was to avoid religious persecution in their homelands. America was the place of all things new and reborn, and what better way to practice their outcast religions. Most of the religions, however, shared one thing in common: they were all Christian-based religions.They just had different ways of practicing how to worship their Lord, Savior, and God. Being in the church-run country of England, however, was difficult because of these different practices. They united and came under the banner of one object, the cross. Many people view the cross as excludin g and not open to everyone everywhere. This is far from the truth. The cross accepts any and all who wish to worship under it and be one with the rest of the Christian nation. Those that pervert the word and message of the cross and its religion aren’t the true bearers of Jesus’ word and message.Sometimes the cross is perceived as a bat that beats the message into your head and does physical damage to them. This is far from the truth. A cross is like a pillow, that can be snuggled and used for friendly pillow fights, but it always comforts when it is needed. A cross needs to be thought less of as an animate object, and more of an inanimate object that encompasses a broad scope of items. One of these objects could be considered a pen and quill. When the founding fathers of the United States assembled in Philadelphia, they penned the words â€Å"endowed by their Creator. While Creator can have a broad variety of meanings depending on background, upbringing, and current value system, one can infer the implied meaning of what that statement was supposed to mean. America had religious upbringings. If it wasn’t for religion, America could possibly not be here today, or not be as successful as it is. The pilgrims could have stayed in England and Mainland Europe, and America may not have been settled until a much later date. In current times, many will argue that the cross is an obsolete and inaccurate representation of American culture.While it is true that church attendance and overall religiousness of the country is going down, the greater majority, even ones who don’t attend church on a regular basis, still view the cross as a symbol of greater things. It symbolizes the resolve of the American people. When in doubt, they look up, hoping for a sign of greater things to come. A cross may not be as fancy as a tasseled flag, or as popular as a roaring lion, but do those items have a deeper meaning to it? Americans have never been about bei ng the fanciest, or being the best.Americans care about what is important to them, and they fight for it. Present day fights to keep the cross and other Christian-related materials are a constant effort. Many should re-read the Declaration of Independence, and see the word Creator. It may refresh and jog their memories. The cross is one of the symbols of the American culture. Religion plays a large part in many lives in the country, and this is a representation of that. Perhaps if more people come under the wings of the cross, America can be great again.

Jeffersonian VS Hamiltonian Ideals

Alexander Hamilton was the sculptor who chiseled the rough edges of America’s economy away. He was the essential part in the plan to solve the massive war debt after the revolution. As a strong federalist, he had views that he and his party shared and were deemed fit for the refinement of America’s economy. Thomas Jefferson was his eternal rival in terms of views. Along with James Madison, Jefferson was the polar opposite to Hamilton. The two past presidents seemed to be rigid with their views concerning political strategies the United States was taking in its early decades.These men before their presidencies were rock solid anti-federalist. However, Jefferson and Madison had yet to experience the heaviness of the political tension they would be dealt with once elected into office. Hamiltonian views were applicable to the challenges Madison and Jefferson faced. They began to differ to the side of federalist as they realized that anti-federalism was not practical for the young America. The presidents of 1801-1817 made turnarounds during their presidencies once they saw contradicting actions became necessary for the country's welfare.Thomas Jefferson made moderate changes in his presidential behavior, resembling Hamiltonian actions, for the benefit of America while James Madison saw federalist Hamiltonian views as a better fit to the country’s government and acted on his changed views to a higher extent meaning that both presidents adapted within their respectful presidencies as they saw fit for the better benefit of the nation. Before the election of Jefferson in 1801 there was a clear line between federalist and antifederalist views that were defined by the lines of conflicts between Hamilton and Jefferson in the 1790s.In 1791 Hamilton argued that a National Bank would be of great benefit to the economy and would be the keystone of his plan for economic refinement. Jefferson was against it in every aspect. (Document A) Thomas’s logic was that the written constitution was not a wall of rules for the states but rather a wall to contain the federal government. Thomas perceived it as the confines the federal government had to work within; no more no less. Madison described it as a constitutional charter of constructs.  (Document C)Thomas debates that the powers left unaddressed by the constitution are given to the states; Thomas uses the tenth amendment as evidence for his argument against the national bank. (Document A) However, a national bank is set up anyways, but it expires once its twenty charter is up. Hamilton wanted a consistent neutrality for the United States to express internationally as part of his plan. Britain was a crucial trade partner with America and would be needed once peacetime had begun and routine trade could begin.Jefferson and Madison believed isolation was the proper way to go; even in 1808 Jefferson passed the Embargo Act shutting all trade ports to other countries. (Document F) Jeffer son saw trade as a source of conflict and a gateway to wars, which was not wrong. Alexander wanted neutrality to keep international trade so the economy would thrive. Jefferson was already in favor of complete isolation from any other country in any sort of manner. (Document D) Jefferson would argue against Hamilton over the topic of isolation versus neutrality.Jefferson believed that international trade and tariffs were unnecessary to the nation however tariffs were strongly supported by the federalists. (Document H) These taxes federalists would pass were planned to help pay for internal improvements. However, Madisonians/Jeffersonians believed that it is the state’s responsibility to pay for the improvements. (Document I) Hamilton also supported the use of force when domestic rebellion is unable to be contained by laws alone.  (Document B)Jefferson and other anti-federalists viewed this as encroachment on state’s liberties and thought the federal government was ex tending its boundaries. Even in 1798 Jefferson was seeing the federal government infringe on the states rights with the Sedition Acts. Madison states that it is the state’s responsibility and right to interject when the federal government is crossing lines over any state’s natural rights. (Document C) Many Jeffersonian editors were arrested for showing strong negativity to the US government in papers.Jeffersonians saw the Sedition Acts as the catapult that launched the federal government over the wall that was set up to separate state power and federal power. The federalists, who were the creators of the law, used it as an advantage against Jeffersonians but set it to expire in 1801 in anticipation of the same act being used against them. Jeffersonians/Madisonians also sided with the French during their revolution in Europe and during their war against Britain. They saw the French as a future sister republic to relate to.Hamiltonians/federalists were naturally siding w ith the British to keep up consistency with Hamilton’s economic plan. Although, Jefferson in 1808 was thought to have passed the Embargo Act to help the French instead of practical reasons according to propaganda in the time period. (Document F) Jefferson will come to contradict himself once his presidency follows through. Madison will come to act identical to Hamilton and will be known for the turnaround he made. From 1801-1817 both Jefferson and Madison make changes to their normal agenda so they can adapt to their difficult situations as presidents.In 1805 African pirates seized American ships in the Mediterranean and were only taking ransoms for their freedom. (Document E) . Jefferson’s hand was forced and a five year war lasting until 1805 broke out. Jefferson wanted to be isolated from the world for proper growth but he was dragged into the war and forced to fight. Even though Jefferson tried to solve his problem with international trade with the Embargo Act of 1 808 it was quickly adjusted with the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 that reopened trade with all nations of Europe except France and Britain.This was due to a massive public disapproval and merchants having excess goods that were normally shipped to England in their warehouses because of the ports shut down. (Document F) Jefferson showed little change from Democratic-republican views to practical Hamiltonian views when compared to his successor in the presidency: James Madison. John Adams admitted to Benjamin Waterhouse that his vote would go to Madison because he saw how the federal government was operating on a system he tried to enact during his years as president.Madison showed federalist views and was in no way concealing them. James passed the tariff of 1816 as a protective tax for the textile industry in New England. This new tariff was looked down on by the anti-federalist community despite being passed by Madison. (Document H) Another big issue Madison had changed on was inter nal improvements. His supporters began to see the scale of the improvements and how states do not have the resources to build them. (Document I) The majority of Madison’s terms was spent changing his perspective and that is why his views changed drastically.Jefferson made leaps of change when responsibility struck while he was president; as did Madison when his whole viewpoint was altered to federalism and made practical actions to show his change in a much higher extent than Jefferson. Despite the wide gap between the two presidents and their rival, Hamilton, they made a bridge to compromise with themselves for the better of the young United States. Jefferson stepped out of his comfort zone because his views were not sufficient to run the government. Madison was already adapting to the position of president once the War of 1812 seemed inevitable.  (Document G)Jeffersonians were adapting closer federalistic views during Madison’s presidency. (Document I) Jefferson wa s a leader who stuck to his basic principles as best as he could until his hand was forced while Madison adopted federalist views because a federalistic point of view was beneficial to the United States rather than anti-federalist views that impeded the nation’s progress; lastly, Jefferson was hardly a changed anti-federalist when compared to the responses Madison made but they were both no longer the stone cold anti-federalists they once were.

Going green

Argument Essay Draft Going Green Today in our society we are always thinking about what we have to do, how much time we have to do it, and what can we use to get it done. Unfortunately, we do not always think about what effect it is going to have on our environment. It does not have to be Earth Day to think about being green. Everyone should do their part in making the environment a safer place for future generations. To do this, we should reuse and recycle, find green alternatives at home, and lastly save energy to save money.There are a few different ways we can cut down on carbon dioxide emissions. For xample, we can start recycling steel, aluminum, and copper. Another is changing laws on discarding old appliances, reusing and rebuilding old engines. In Rhode Island starting in 2008 a law was passed stating that manufactures must run their own take-back program or participate in the state run take-back program. Which is a start, but there is no law regarding old engines. Next woul d be to recycle old garments, and use refillable glass bottles.If we can pass the laws to make it mandatory to reuse more items such as engines, then we can cut down on the carbon dioxide from the factories producing new engines. Another way is if we make ompanies like Coca-Cola use refillable glass bottles, then we can reduce how much plastic is used yearly and recycle more often. In 2009, the U. S. generated thirty million tons of plastic but only recycled two million tons. I use a reusable water bottle instead of using a new plastic bottle every day. Also I recycle any paper, plastics, and glass I do use daily.These small things can make a big difference. In some articles there are many steps to go green at home with little effort. They suggest letting the fresh air in, wiping one's feet to reduce using energy to clean, cleaning green, pulling the plug, and not touching the thermostat. Some articles suggest bringing one's own bags when shopping, and saying bye-bye to bottled wate r. When we go to the grocery store we should bring reusable shopping bags or ask for paper bags and recycle after using.In San Francisco, starting the beginning of 2013 all retail stores need to no longer have plastic shopping bags they can only have; compostable bags, recycled paper bags, or reusable bags. With this change the retail stores are now going to be charging ten cents per shopping bag. If we do this every time we go to the grocery store, then we can cut back on how many plastic bags are used, which an save our environment. I myself purchased a few reusable bags which I bring with me every time I go grocery shopping.Finally, there are also some ways to reduce energy and household expenses. To do this we should be raising (lower) the home thermostat, brew one's own coffee, take the â€Å"change a light† pledge which is to swap a regular light bulb for an energy star light bulb or CFL bulb. Another is to turn off and unplug electronics. Be mindful of paper products, make homemade cleaning products, and let clothes dry outside on the line. Another is slowing down on the highway, cutting back on driving by arpooling, and lastly, planting a tree.If we can all take charge and take a few of these steps such as unplugging electronics, using the dryer less, carpooling to work every day, then these simple steps can change our lives. By integrating these steps into our lives little by little, we can all cut back on how much energy we use. In 2008, the average cost for household energy was close to six thousand dollars. Just changing to a dial thermostat can save families hundred fifty dollars per year and by turning down the thermostat can save five percent on their energy bill. Consequently, these steps can save families money.In conclusion, we all need to take a few moments out of our day to think or actually do these tips on how to be â€Å"green†, then we could dramatically lessen our impact on our planet. But it doesn't Just stop with what o ur families do. We should pass the tips on to other family members and friends to get new ideas. Everyone should do their part in making the environment a safer place for future generations. It is important that we reuse and recycle, find green alternatives at home and save both energy and money in the long run. If we all Just practice these few simple tips on being â€Å"green†, then we will have a cleaner planet. Going green Argument Essay Draft Going Green Today in our society we are always thinking about what we have to do, how much time we have to do it, and what can we use to get it done. Unfortunately, we do not always think about what effect it is going to have on our environment. It does not have to be Earth Day to think about being green. Everyone should do their part in making the environment a safer place for future generations. To do this, we should reuse and recycle, find green alternatives at home, and lastly save energy to save money.There are a few different ways we can cut down on carbon dioxide emissions. For xample, we can start recycling steel, aluminum, and copper. Another is changing laws on discarding old appliances, reusing and rebuilding old engines. In Rhode Island starting in 2008 a law was passed stating that manufactures must run their own take-back program or participate in the state run take-back program. Which is a start, but there is no law regarding old engines. Next woul d be to recycle old garments, and use refillable glass bottles.If we can pass the laws to make it mandatory to reuse more items such as engines, then we can cut down on the carbon dioxide from the factories producing new engines. Another way is if we make ompanies like Coca-Cola use refillable glass bottles, then we can reduce how much plastic is used yearly and recycle more often. In 2009, the U. S. generated thirty million tons of plastic but only recycled two million tons. I use a reusable water bottle instead of using a new plastic bottle every day. Also I recycle any paper, plastics, and glass I do use daily.These small things can make a big difference. In some articles there are many steps to go green at home with little effort. They suggest letting the fresh air in, wiping one's feet to reduce using energy to clean, cleaning green, pulling the plug, and not touching the thermostat. Some articles suggest bringing one's own bags when shopping, and saying bye-bye to bottled wate r. When we go to the grocery store we should bring reusable shopping bags or ask for paper bags and recycle after using.In San Francisco, starting the beginning of 2013 all retail stores need to no longer have plastic shopping bags they can only have; compostable bags, recycled paper bags, or reusable bags. With this change the retail stores are now going to be charging ten cents per shopping bag. If we do this every time we go to the grocery store, then we can cut back on how many plastic bags are used, which an save our environment. I myself purchased a few reusable bags which I bring with me every time I go grocery shopping.Finally, there are also some ways to reduce energy and household expenses. To do this we should be raising (lower) the home thermostat, brew one's own coffee, take the â€Å"change a light† pledge which is to swap a regular light bulb for an energy star light bulb or CFL bulb. Another is to turn off and unplug electronics. Be mindful of paper products, make homemade cleaning products, and let clothes dry outside on the line. Another is slowing down on the highway, cutting back on driving by arpooling, and lastly, planting a tree.If we can all take charge and take a few of these steps such as unplugging electronics, using the dryer less, carpooling to work every day, then these simple steps can change our lives. By integrating these steps into our lives little by little, we can all cut back on how much energy we use. In 2008, the average cost for household energy was close to six thousand dollars. Just changing to a dial thermostat can save families hundred fifty dollars per year and by turning down the thermostat can save five percent on their energy bill. Consequently, these steps can save families money.In conclusion, we all need to take a few moments out of our day to think or actually do these tips on how to be â€Å"green†, then we could dramatically lessen our impact on our planet. But it doesn't Just stop with what o ur families do. We should pass the tips on to other family members and friends to get new ideas. Everyone should do their part in making the environment a safer place for future generations. It is important that we reuse and recycle, find green alternatives at home and save both energy and money in the long run. If we all Just practice these few simple tips on being â€Å"green†, then we will have a cleaner planet.

Species Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Species - Essay Example The US alone estimate that invasive species cost its economy approximately $138 billion per year (Pimentel, Lach, Zuniga & Morrison, 1999). The introduction of this non-native species has proved to have dire consequences to the environments and ecosystems. One invasive species that has had severe costs to host nations is Bufflegrass. As an invasive species it has now become naturalized in the Americas, Australia, Hawaii and Mexico to name a few. Bufflegrass thrives in low rainfall a condition which makes it the perfect species to introduce to arid countries and was first introduced in the US and Mexico to improve forage for cattle, Arizona and the Sonaran desert were the ideal ecosystems for the grass to grow. Bufflegrass is drought resistant so thrived in its native countries including Africa. The grass will withstand heavy grazing and so was introduced for this purpose so the conversion of forest, homogenous grassland and savanna to pasture for grazing created the ideal environment for this hardy grass to grow. However the problem lies in that this invasive grass has spread from cultivated areas to natural ecosystems at an alarming rate as it will grow in all soil types and including sandy and stony soils. Bufflegrass grows densely and so crowds out native plants of similar size and due to its ability to resist drought will remain dense even in dry years. It attacks native plants by its ability to win competition for natural resources such as water, space and soil nutrients so prevents homogenous plants from maturing and germinating and secondly it is highly flammable but resistant to fire, once a grass fire has occurred it is not unusual that only the Bufflegrass grows back. The Sonaran Desert evolved without fire as an ecological factor and most of its plants cannot tolerate it. The Bufflegrass populations in Saguaro National Park have quadrupled in size between 2002 and 2006 despite the outbreaks of several vastly spread fires (Bean & Betancourt, 2006). The economic factor is that with the increased risk of fires utility infrastructures are threatened, property may decrease in value as areas become known for fire hazards, insurance rates rise not to mention the cost to governments in having to find means of managing the invasive grass. There is also the cost of life involved, in November 2005 a man was burned to death in a Bufflegrass fire in Arizona Bibliography Bean, Travis M. & Betancourt Julio L. (2006) Bufflegrass in theS onoran Desert: Can we prevent the unhinging of a unique American ecosystem The Plant Press THE ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY VOLUME 30, NUMBER 1 (Retrieved on 18th November 2008) http://aznps.org/PDFs/PlantPress/PP30.1.pdf Pimentel, D, Lach, L, Zuniga R, & Morrison, D. (1999) Environmental and Economic Costs associated with Non-Indigenous Species in the United States College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca

Aspect of the law and engineering Research Paper

Aspect of the law and engineering - Research Paper Example In civil engineering, there are frequent cases where injuries are borne by the employees (being the workers) due to industrial accidents and other such hazards related to the construction of various projects2. Prior to worker’s compensation, an employer was held to several narrowly defined duties of care for the protection of his employees (Mitchelle, 1976). The employers seldom received their due after having borne the injuries mainly because of the unfortunate prevalence of the doctrine of contributory negligence, the fellow-servant rule and voluntary assumption of the risk in the common law countries. In order to tackle this discriminatory issue of industrial liability in case of injured employees, the concept of Workmen’s Compensation was introduced. It is now popular in many countries namely the United States of America, Brazil, Germany, India, UK etc. In the United States of America, the Workmen’s Compensation laws are created differently by various states however the fundamentals of all the acts remain the same. There are a number of characteristic properties that are common in all the laws of Workmen’s Compensation – (a) automatic entitlement of the employer to compensation in case of personal injury borne due to an industrial accident (b) Employee’s contributory negligence or employer’s freedom from the fault does not lessen the former’s rights (c) Only employees are covered and not independent contractors (d) Cash benefits, Medical expenses etc. are provided and benefits for dependents are counted in case of death of the employee (however maximum and minimum are imposed) (e) the employee or his dependents forfeit the right to personally sue the employer for the loss (f) Right to sue third persons in case of negligence on their part prevails (subject to conditions) (g) administration is in the hands of administrative commissions (h) the employer is required to secure his liability through private insurance etc. so that the liability of compensation passes to the consumer in the price of the product (Larson, 1952). Initially a few problems were recognized in the U.S. regarding the Worker’s Compensation as apparently it disregarded the Fourteenth Amendment’s prohibition against taking of property without due process of law and deprived both parties of the freedom of contract. This problem was resolved by the New York Workmen’s Compensation Act of 1916 after the famous case of New York Central Railroad Company v White3. The specific laws which deal with construction safety hazards in the U.S. are administered by governing regulatory body called Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)4. Under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the employers have the responsibility to provide a safe workplace to their employees. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 has defined certain responsibilities for the employers and also has defin ed penalties in case of violation of the duties5. In order to start a construction or even before entering a contract, an engineer has to keep in mind all the legal aspects of workmen’s compensation. Even though the Engineer may cover up his costs by ultimately shifting it to the customer in form of price of the product, he has to initially formalize the insurance for his employees. In case the engineer

Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Islam - Essay Example The spiritual benefits associated with prayer in Islam are heavily conspicuous to be ignored, since they play a major role in alleviating a person’s obnoxious worries and moroseness. On the other hand, prayer in Islam also has immense physical benefits that are a great means of reducing the chances of many serious diseases. It is because a person does not have to stand or sit still at one place during the process of praying, rather all the Muslims are required to adopt various positions during the prayer. The most important part of the Islamic prayer is the prostration, when a Muslim has to bow down in front of God. It is a scientifically approved fact that when one adopts this position not once but many times a day, extra blood flows down to the brain and this blood flow is of immense importance. This greatly reduces the risk of many diseases like chilblain and also helps in effective drainage of sinuses (Naik). An interesting fact associated with the prayer in Islam is that the vertebral column adopts various postures like standing erect and bending as in prostration, due to which there are reduced chances of grave vertebral diseases. Islamic prayer hugely differs from the Christian prayer in many ways.

Dynamics of Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dynamics of Terrorism - Essay Example Nassar presents an in depth picture on the real and historic causes behind terrorism. For him, as it were, every global citizen and leader in Parliament are, among others, responsible for the current and widespread menace of terrorism. That is why Nassar says: Recently, a former student of mine wrote me one of those rare but special notes that teachers occasionally receive. Lynn Weddle of the class of 1985 wrote, "I often am reminded of the many things I learned while in your class and how some of the things you mentioned became truly prophetic." My former student went on to remind me of a statement I had made in class arguing that the Soviet Union was not the enemy we needed to fear but rather "a Third World country that we would never expect to wreak havoc on the US." The events of September 11, 2001, reminded her of that statement. While the events of that dreadful day were a wake-up call to most Americans, terror has been a normal way of life for a long time to many people around the world. It certainly has been a part of my life since birth (Nassar i-iv). Terrorism is and terrorist incidents are on the increase in Asia and Middle-East and West Asia while they are on a decreasing trend in Europe and America. Terrorist violence and incidents have led to thousands of death every year from 700 to about 6000 in the world (Sengupta and Cockburn 27 March 2007). International Terrorist Incidences 1968 to 2004 Source: Graph from MIPT database, http://www.tkb.org/Home.jsp This menace of terrorists' violent and fatal incidents is beyond human description and definition. Various dictionaries and encyclopedias define terrorism mainly in terms of acts of fatal violence and attacks against established and recognized institutions of State and its citizens and forces. Academics and experts do not fully agree with such simplistic meanings and definitions. For Jimmy Carter, Palestinian people have always suffered at the hands of the Israel's policy of "Apartheid" against them (Carter 176). If this so then what about Palestine's' sustained terrorists attacks not only aimed at Israel but also the different countries of the entire world. For Nassar Jamal, terrorism is use of excessive force, fatal attacks with the intention to create terror and panic in order to secure calculated political demands. He, however, finds - quite like Bjorgo (First Chapter) - institution of State more responsible for present-day terrorism. Gurr and Cole believe that there are different levels of terrorist attacks and violence - the conventional and non-conventional. Terrorist groups are not gun-trotting armatures. They have there aims and purposes. As such there main objective is to accomplish their political aims through effective means of massive violence. They even use weapons of mass destruction especially nuclear, biological and chemical weapons [NBCs] (1-22). Defining terrorism leads also to a major question. Are terrorists normal human beings Are they primarily pathological cases Yes, even terrorists of today are normal beings and their global system and networking is

Annotated Bibliography Assignment (free internet on campus) Essay

Annotated Bibliography Assignment (free internet on campus) - Essay Example Similarly, the teachers utilize the Internet to supplement their lessons. In essence, the Internet has benefited education by opening up a substantial amount of knowledge to a broader range of students. Anderson, Janna, Boyles, Jan, and Rainie, Lee. â€Å"The future impact of the Internet on higher education.† Pew Research Center. Web. 23 Mar 2015 Anderson, Boyles, and Rainie examine the impacts that the Internet will present to the higher education in the future. The comprehensive research indicates that advancement in technology will compel the institutions of higher learning to expand online courses and change the credentialing structures. The research, which targets the policymakers in education, articulates the positive impacts of the Internet such as increased collaboration, massive online course, and a shift in the instructional methods. The article will be helpful in the research, as it will offer the future perspective of the Internet. Specifically, the article’s findings will inform the recommendation section to show the significance of providing free Internet on campus. The source is valid because it comes from a credible research institute and the authors demonstrate huge expertise in their fields. In addition, the article has explored the subject matter from different dimensions as opposed to one perspective. Andrew, a professor at Deakin University, refutes the popular view that technology can solely enhance the learning experience. The article, which targets the instructors, indicates that a problem in the instrumental view of the Internet exists. The findings of the article emphasize the significance of examining technology from the social, political, and ethical perspectives. The author argues that socio-economic factors have implications on the Internet. The source is credible

Values Supporting High Performance Work System Research Paper

Values Supporting High Performance Work System - Research Paper Example 2. Diversity and Equality Management Systems (DEMS) For the last many years, business organizations are inclining their human resource management systems to promote diversity and Equality management systems to effectively compete in global markets. Whether an organization is multinational or aims to exist as multinational organization, commitment to equality and workforce diversity should be the major concerns of the HRM. While hiring the people, HRM of an organization is responsible for collecting the people with a variety of skills along with giving them equal opportunities of promotion and payment according to their aptitude (Marler 2012). An ideal Diversity and Equality Management System of a firm must involve diversity training and also monitor the recruitment procedure of the company. The minority or other disadvantaged groups are also dealt with special concern, where their pay and promotion are revised. Recently, many of the European business organizations are emphasizing to adopt the DEMS as one of the practices of Strategic Human Resource Management (George and Jones 2011). The term equality in DEM is wider in its meaning as there is a legislative initiative taken in Europe. Therefore, the Equality Act of 2010 can be seen covering the age, disability, pregnancy and maternity, religion or belief, race, sex, marriage and civil partnership, gender reassignment and sexual orientation. Moreover, in 2005 European Commission studied the extent of diversity and anti-discrimination policies in European companies. The results were satisfactory as 48% of the firms had applied the DEM system and 83% out of those firms had found DEM as a significant strategy for business growth. Thus, diversity and equality can be understood as giving value to variety and individual differences. So, while applying the practice of diversity, requirements of equality are fulfilled, as differences between the individuals, organizations and societies are valued. Though, this strategy is being emphasized to be made as part of HRM practices (Kumra, Manfredi and Vickers 2012). DEM and Recruitment The recruitment process under the practice of DEM is held very fairly because people are not rejected on any discriminatory reasons, such as race, gender or religion. Therefore, advertisements are taken place on web sources and through job centers, which will reach larger number of people can have access the advertisement from different backgrounds of expertise and skills. The job description is supposed to be clear and understandable so that applicants are evaluated on the basis of decided criteria. On the other hand, during the interview for a position, views of one person should not be taken into account but more than one person should decide the appropriate person for the position. Thus, it can be said that in order to establish an ideal DEMS within an organization, recruitment process is the initial step to set a system of equality. 3. DEM Supports High Performance Wo rk System The Diversity and Equality Management System is widely supported by business organizations because the kind of systems supports the implementation of High Performance Work System. DEM is advantageous for both the employees and for the business. Some of the benefits of DEM are discussed below that contribute the business to elevate. i. Balanced Workforce Any organization that desires to be prospered in its particular segment needs to have a balanced

Social Learning Theory (one of the communication theories) Assignment

Social Learning Theory (one of the communication theories) - Assignment Example For instance, when the behaviour model displayed violent words and actions towards the Bobo doll, the children did the same. The method involved 36 boys and 36 girls. The children were from 3 to 6 years of age. The first group of participants (24 boys and girls) were made to observe a model who exhibited aggressive actions and words towards the Bobo doll. Meanwhile, the second group of the same population were made to watch a non-aggressive model. Finally, the last group was treated as the control batch and had no exposure to any models. The conclusions indicated that the children who were made to observe an aggressive model tended to exhibit more similarly violent behaviors. Interestingly, gender had a significant influence. If the role model was male, the girls showed more physical aggression. On the other hand, if the role model was female, the girls displayed more verbal hostility. However, there is no significant difference between girls’ and boys’ levels of verbal aggression. In addition, boys emulated role models of the same sex more as compared to girls. Bandura furthered that observational learning involves a live, verbal, or symbolic models. This means that exemplars may be live people or animals, auditory directions, or characters that may be seen in different kinds of media such as movies and books. The process starts with attention which entails interest on the part of the observer. After significant amount of attention is paid to the stimulus, retention ensues. This implies that the learner encodes observed information in his memory. Reproduction then happens when the observed behaviour gets replicated by the learner. Motivation comes into play when the observer experiences reinforcement after the reproduction. A learner may repeat the observed behaviour after a reward. Secondly, an individual’s mental condition is essential. Aside from external rewards, internal reinforcement enhances a person’s motivation to pay atten tion to the model. When one can feel and think satisfied as a result of observing, the social learning will be more successful. Thirdly, observational learning does not always lead to a change in behaviour. Novel knowledge can be earned without palpable alterations in one’s actions. â€Å"Social learning theory began as an attempt by Robert Sears and others to meld psychoanalytic and stimulus-response learning theory into a comprehensive explanation of human behaviour, drawing on the clinical richness of the former and the rigor of the latter† (Grusec, 1992, p.776). Though Bandura is most opulently related to this theory, it actually originated from Sears. The history dates back to the time of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis. In 1935, there was a major movement that sought to unify learning and psychoanalytic theories. This resulted to Sears’ focus on socialization as significant aspect of the research. Particularly, he found out that children were being a ffected by the milieu that he encounters day by day. Children adapt the values and attitudes that their parents portray. Bandura agreed with some assertions of Sears but went against some. â€Å"Bandura is clearly the intellectual heir of Sears, influenced by but also reacting against the tradition that Sears represented† (Grusec, 1992, p.776). Together, the two experts utilize learning concepts in explaining how humans develop socially. Sears was more of the

Basic Wound Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Basic Wound Care - Essay Example It results when additional pressure interrupts blood flow through the skin. This results in oxygen and nutrient deficiency in the affected skin, which makes it break leading to the formation of the ulcer. Pressure from a hard surface, for instance, wheelchair and bed can cause an ulcer (Dziedzic, 2013). Involuntary muscle movements is another cause besides moisture, which can break down the epidermis. We will focus on old age and terminal disease as some of the risk factors. Individuals, who are old have their skin aging out, which results in loss of elasticity. There is a decline in the blood flow through the skin, which is due to aging effects. Additionally, the amount of fat under the skin decreases as one gets older. All these put together makes the skin vulnerable to damage; hence, an ulcer formation. We will now look at some terminal diseases in patients that can put them at increased risk of pressure ulcers (Qaseem, Humphrey, Forciea, Starkey, & Denberg, 2015). Type one and two diabetes results in increased blood sugar levels, which disrupts the normal flow of blood. In peripheral arterial disease, build-up of fatty substance in arteries hampers blood supply to legs. Heart failure results in reduced blood supply to other parts of the body. Kidney failure results in build-up of harmful toxins, which can cause damage to tissues. Reducing the risk of infection demands regular hand washing, debridement and wound cleansing. Protect the wound from exogenous sources of contamination such as feces (Kifer, 2012). When dressing the wound, clean it using sterile water, topical antiseptic or saline, which reduces the bacterial growth and risk of infection. In cases of foul odor, debridement, and frequent cleansing is necessary. Measurement monitors progress made in the healing process through changes in width, length, volume and area of the wound. Simple measurement technique involves measuring the

Conflict with Macbeth and World War Poetry Essay Example for Free

Conflict with Macbeth and World War Poetry Essay During this essay I am going to write about the many diverse ways in which conflict is presented in William Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Wilfred Owen’s Poetry of World War 1. I will be comparing the ways in which Macbeth and 3 poems written by Owen; Mental Cases, The Next War and Dulce Et Decorum Est, link with each other. Macbeth is a play written in 1606 by Shakespeare who wrote plays to entertain his audience. On the other hand, Owen was a soldier in World War 1 when he wrote famous poems; he wrote them to tell us about the tragedies of war and he expressed his thoughts and feelings about war and conflict. Owen’s poems are influenced by his own experiences of war. In Macbeth the conflict shown by Macbeth and the other characters, gives us an idea of how Macbeth’s rivalry between certain characters in the play depicted the whole play itself. For example, Macbeth’s conflict with King Duncan shows how Macbeth was such an easy target for the witches because they predicted he would be the next Thane of Cawdor which came true, then they predicted he would be the next King, but when Duncan announced Malcolm to be the next heir to the throne, Macbeth become insecure and had the thoughts of killing Duncan. â€Å"I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself† – Macbeth’s excessive ambition is like a horse that tries to jump too high but it falls on the other side of the fence, also Shakespeare uses a metaphor to describe Macbeth’s ambition as ‘vaulting’ like a horse. Shakespeare brings the idea of Macbeth killing Duncan to life. Similarly, Wilfred Owen presents the conflict in his poems in ways which he relentlessly unveils the full scale of the war’s horrors. For example, in Owen’s poem ‘Mental Cases’, the conflict the soldiers have with the violent conditions they had to live in, Owen presents the mental torment suffered by the patients in this poem. He uses the simile â€Å"like a wound† to show that their wounds are still fresh and present in their minds. The words such as ‘blade’ and ‘bleeds afresh’ suggest that they have be en brutally ripped open by the conflict happening in their minds. Owen’s poem ‘Mental Cases’ shows us the mental anguish the soldiers had to go through during the World War. He uses the simile â€Å"baring teeth that leak like skulls, teeth wicked† to describe the soldiers as skeletons because they’re half dead from fighting continuously in the war; this shows how the poems title ‘Mental Cases’ links with the whole concept of the soldiers being half dead because their minds have been taken over by  the trauma of the war. â€Å"Batter of guns and shatter of flying muscles† – the use of violent imagery to emphasise the way in which the soldiers are continuously surrounded by gun-shots (‘batter of guns’) and dead bodies (‘flying muscles’). â€Å"Dawn breaks open like a wound that bleeds afresh† – Owen uses a simile, also a personified phrase to highlight the way the soldiers wake up to constant violence around them. Wilfred Owen uses words such as ‘skulls’ to show that the soldiers were like skeletons; half dead. Also he uses ‘ravished’ to give more power to the poem, to demonstrate that the horrors have taken over the soldiers’ minds. This poem links with Macbeth due to the way in which Macbeth is mentally tormented because of the crimes he’s committed which are now acting upon him, just the way the patients are mentally tormented because of the tragic war. Shakespeare uses the personified phrase â€Å"art th ou not fatal vision sensible to feeling as to sight?† to accentuate that Macbeth can only see the dagger in his mind but it’s not really there. â€Å"Here’s the smell of blood still, all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten† – Shakespeare manipulates the use of the senses to show that Lady Macbeth is saying that there is no perfume of this world which shall ‘sweeten’ our sinful hands; which emphasises that Lady Macbeth still thinks about the murder of King Duncan. Shakespeare also uses the simile â€Å"that not look like inhabitants o’the earth† to show that the witches aren’t humans; they don’t belong to the earth. â€Å"If it were done when ‘tis done, then ‘twere well it were done quickly† Shakespeare presents the idea of past and present; to kill Duncan quickly would be better. â€Å"Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold† – Macbeth says to the ghost of Banquo; he has no marrow in his bones, his blood is cold. Shakespeare uses words such as ‘fatal’ to show the mental torment Macbeth is going through whilst h e sees the dagger in his mind. Also he uses ‘inhabitants’ to describe the way the witches look; they don’t look like they live on earth. In Owen’s poem ‘The Next War’ he presents the inner conflict of the war because the poem is based on the idea of not being afraid of death but getting used to the fact that death comes everyday to them. In the beginning of the poem Owen has written a quote from Siegfried Sassoon â€Å"war’s a joke for me and you, while we know such dreams are true† – this is an unusual sonnet because sonnets are usually on love and romance, but this one is on war. Owen uses personification like â€Å"out there we’ve walked quite friendly up to Death; sat  down and eaten with him, cool and bland† to emphasise that mostly all the soldiers are used to seeing people die and when death comes its normal for them. Also Owen describes death as ‘cool’ and ‘bland’ – these are oxymorons because they have an unusual perspective of war. â€Å"He’s spat at us with bullets and he’s coughed† – Owen u ses personification to show how death has tortured the soldiers. Owen uses many language techniques to bring the idea of welcoming death to the soldiers’ lives. Wilfred Owen uses words like ‘courage’ to emphasise the soldiers’ characters. Also he uses ‘green thick odour’ to represent the ‘odour’ as the poisonous gas that caused many soldiers’ deaths. This poem links with Macbeth because in this poem Owen talks about the courage these soldiers had and how they got used to seeing their men die all the time, however, in Macbeth, Macbeth is looked at as ‘brave Macbeth’ who has ‘disdaining fortune’ because he won the battle for Scotland and was looked at as a hero. â€Å"For brave Macbeth – well he deserves that name – disdaining fortune, with his brandish’d steel† – Shakespeare describes Macbeth as a courageous warrior. However, during the play we find out that Macbeth has planned to kill Duncan, but then feels a slight regret in going fourth with the murder â€Å"we will proceed no further in this business. He hath honour’d me of late, and I have bought golden opinions from all sorts of people†. In this scene, Lady Macbeth attacks Macbeths manliness and makes him feel like he less of a man â€Å"And live a coward in thine own esteem†. â€Å"But screw your courage to the sticking place† – Shakespeare uses a metaphor here to show the power in which Lady Macbeth has; she wants Macbeth to tighten his courage to the limit, so he can go fourth and kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth tries to convince him by calling him a ‘coward’ and unmanly. Macbeth is convinced enough to murder Duncan which eventually lead to his own down fall. ‘Dulce Et Decroum Est’ meaning ‘Die for Your Country’ is another famous poem of Wilfred Owen’s where it links to battlefield conflict and inner conflict. The poem is based on the whole concept of war, and how the soldiers fight for their country throughout the world war. â€Å"Bent double like old beggars, coughing like hags† – Owen uses two similes to describe the soldiers as ‘beggars’ and ‘hags’, due to the way they live in. â€Å"Men marched asleep† – this use of characterisation brings to life the way in which the soldiers were continuously marching during their days, and nights. Owen also uses an oxymoron to bring sarcasm into the poem  Ã¢â‚¬Å"of gas shells dropping softly behind† – gas shells are usually very loud and dangerous but Owen makes out the gas shells were ‘soft’. â€Å"As under a green sea I saw him drowning.† – a metaphor to describe the poisonous gas, and Owen’s persona of his friend drowning in the gas. â€Å"Guttering, choking, and drowning† – the use of onomatopoeia gives effect of the way in which Owen presents the conflict of the war. Owen also uses personified techniques to show the inner conflict of how the soldiers’ minds were taken over by the tragic war â€Å"If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood† – the effect that Owen uses to ‘hear the blood’. Owen gives the impression that these soldiers are broken and describes them to be helpless. Wilfred Owen uses words such as ‘deaf’ from the gun shots and bombs and ‘blind’ from the tear gas and smoke; he uses pitiful language to reveal the reality of war. This poem links with Macbeth, because Owen talks about the way in which the soldiers die for their country and linking back to Macbeth, he fought a battle for his country. However, the soldiers in the poem are described as ‘beggars’ and ‘hags’, on the other hand, Macbeth is described as ‘brave’. Macbeth has a higher reputation because he had killed the enemy of King Duncan’s. Shakespeare describes the nature of war as if it is a game or a sport â€Å"doubtful it stood, as two spent swimmers that do cling together† – using the word ‘swimmer’ relates to sport and ‘doubtful’ makes them want to try harder and think of swimming where they are pushing the water away racing to the finish line makes the reader create a picture of Macbeth and Banquo slashing away with their swords creating a sea of dead soldiers and blood behind them fighting their way to glory. It is only at the end of the play that Macbeth finally discovers his fate; after being told that Macduff had been, â€Å"untimely ripped from his mothers’ womb†. Macbeth describes the witches as â€Å"Juggling Fiends† Macbeth is accusing the witches of deliberately juggling their words so that he could not understand them. This is a clever quote as Macbeth has just realised his life is in ruins, but the audience knew this earlier. The witches have changed Macbeth from a brave warrior to an evil, murderous, traitor, underlining the conflict of good and evil. â€Å"By the pricking of my thumbs, something wicked this way comes† – this quote is significant as it illustrates the change in Macbeth throughout the play, now even the witches consider Macbeth to be evil. However, when looking at the path of destruction that Macbeth has left behind him it isn’t very  surprising. Just one man driven by his ambition to be king has led to a chain reactio n of murders. There are many important conflicts in Macbeth, like the conflict between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth, the conflict between the good which is represented by Macduff and the evil which is represented by Macbeth, and Macbeth versus himself, his inner struggle, and all of those conflicts lead to Macbeth’s down fall. Shakespeare gave a truthful, but interesting effect to show war and conflict in that time and age of Shakespeare. There are also many significant conflicts in the World War 1 which Wilfred Owen wrote about in all of his famous poems, like the conflict between the soldiers and death; the way in which the soldiers have to welcome death because it’s likely they will die. This conflict leads to the soldiers becoming mentally tormented. Owen always revealed the truth about war and conflict.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethanol as Fuel

Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethanol as Fuel The top five producers and users of ethanol in 2005 were Brazil producing 4.35 billion gallons per year, The United States producing 4.3 billions gallons per year, China producing 530 million gallons per year, The European Union producing 250 millions gallons per year and India producing 80 million gallons per year. Brazil and The United States account for about 90 per cent of all ethanol production, although in the last few year the United States production of ethanol has grown to about 4.6 billion gallons per year and are now widely consider the worlds largest producer of ethanol. The advantages of ethanol use are: The fuel can utilise existing distribution outlets. Other fuel sources such as hydrogen would require the creation of distribution networks and technology with accompanying establishment costs It is a renewable resource and so would reduce the use of non-renewable materials. It could reduce green house gas emissions if solar energy was used to distil it from aqueous solutions. It reduces dependence on imported oil and the influence of the oil cartels that currently control oil production and price. This reduced dependence on imported oil also protects consumers from the economic variations that are caused by the political and social events in oil producing countries While it is very unlikely that ethanol will ever replace the worlds main energy source, it will reduce the total amount of oil the country would need to import. Disadvantages: There are claims that the production and distribution of ethanol as an alternative motor vehicle fuel source will in fact increase greenhouse gas emissions over those generated by conventional fuels. Large areas of agricultural land would need to be used to grow suitable crops, leading to soil erosion, deforestation fertiliser run off and salinity. There is just not enough land to produce the crops needed for ethanol to become a major alternative fuel, with crops at the moment only sustaining about 1 per cent of the worlds transport fuel. There is also a worry that the land needed for ethanol production will compete with food production. The disposal of the large amounts of smelly waste fermentation liquors after removal of ethanol would present major environmental problems. There is a cost involved in making ethanol is nearly twice as much as the cost of making gasoline. There is also a cost involved in modifying vehicles to use ethanol or methanol. Ethanol also has smaller energy density than gasoline, taking about 1.5 times more ethanol than gasoline to travel the same distance. However with new technologies the advancements in ethanol engines are improving every year. Although ethanol does reduce the toxicity of the car exhaust, it can also be corrosive. Ethanol can absorb water and dirt easily and if those contaminants are not filtered out successfully that can damage the inside of the engine block. The politics that surround the increased use of ethanol in Australia are uncertain. The major political parties have a clear policy position on this initiative at either State or Federal level. There is even debate within the minor political groups that usually defend the environment as to the long term benefits and consequences of increased ethanol consumption. With conflicting claims and a lack of clear evidence, a cautious approach has been adopted by politicians. At State Government level, it is the NSW Government that has principally supported the introduction of ethanol. It has been suggested that the NSW Labor governments position has been influence by donations from major ethanol producers and even the Rudd Federal Labor government is critical of a number of aspect of NSW expansion of ethanol production. Against this background, the NSW Government has consistently refer to the greenhouse benefits of ethanol as one of the reasons for its decision to require that 10% of all fuel sold is to be ethanol (E10) by 2011. There are claims that the long term uses of ethanol are as equally damaging to the environment as conventional fuels. For consumers acceptance of this alternative fuel source is as much about the price at which it will be delivered at the petrol pump, as it is about the environmental motivations. Fermentation and distillation have been used to produce ethanol for centuries, making it one of the earliest organic compounds to be obtained in nearly pure form. Fermentation is a process in which glucose is broken down to ethanol and carbon dioxide by the action of enzymes present in yeast. These enzymes act as biological catalysts, which first convert the starch or sucrose in the mixture into glucose and or fructose. Finally enzymes will convert the glucose and or fructose into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Yeast can produce ethanol contents up to 15 per cent. If the alcohol concentrations were above this level the yeast would be killed and further fermentation would be stopped. To further produce higher alcohol content, up to 95 per cent fractional distillation or even to 100 per cent more elaborate distillation procedures of the liquid are then needed. Plant materials suitable for fermentation must have a high concentration of simple sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose). Starchy grains like corn, tubers like potatoes and fruits like grapes with high simple sugar contents are most commonly used. Cellulose and starch are biopolymers which are formed by condensation polymerisation of glucose monomers. Cellulosic ethanol is produced from woods, grasses and non-edible parts of the plants. There are two ways of producing ethanol from cellulose; gasification or cellulolysis processes. Gasification transforms raw lignocelluloses materials which are composed of cellulose, hemi cellulose or lignin into gaseous carbon monoxide and hydrogen. These gases can then be converted into ethanol by fermentation and distillation. Cellulolysis processes use hydrolysis, which is where enzymes are used to break up the complex cellulose structures of lignocelluloses materials into simple sugars which then followed by fermentation and distillation can be changed into ethanol. Bibliography: http://www.o2.org/ideas/cases/biopolymers.html http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-ethanol-fuel.htm http://www.pictonhigh.net/moodle/course/view.php?id=29 http://science.jrank.org/pages/2576/Ethanol-Disadvantages-ethanol-an-alternative-fuel.html http://www.ethanolproducer.com/article.jsp?article_id=2222 http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/s1763365.htm http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/s1763365.htm http://www.smh.com.au/execute_search.html?text=ethanolss=smh.com.au http://www.chemlink.com.au/ethanol.htm http://www.crikey.com.au/2009/01/20/ethanol-not-really-all-that-green/

Complications of Exodontia

Complications of Exodontia Introduction: Patients visit the dental clinic for a routine or planned visit for treatment, conditions related to the oral cavity or due to pain. Even with the invention of advanced dental techniques in restoration of teeth, extraction is one of the most routinely carried out dental procedure (El-Kenawy and Ahmed, 2015). Exodontia can be defined as Painless removal of the whole tooth or tooth roots with minimal trauma to the investing tissues, so the wound heals un-eventfully (Datarkar and Datarkar, 2007). Dental extraction procedures require a good understanding of anatomical structures along with adequate armamentarium and good technique. Successful treatment depends on good diagnosis, planning, appropriate surgical technique and well monitored post operative period. Even though it is a straight forward procedure, there is a possibility of complications during various stages of exodontia and the surgeon should be able to cope with it (Louis, 2015). Complications are unforeseen events that tend to increase the morbidity, above what would be expected from a particular operative procedure under normal circumstances (Venkateshwar, et.al, 2011). They are rare and can arise due to a wide variety of factors. This report covers systemic and local complications for: Pre-operative Peri-operative Post-operative Discussion: Pre-operative complication and management Pre-operative Systemic complications: Pre-operative evaluation of the patients in-depth history (medical, dental or social) past and present and physical examination is crucial (Thakur, et.al, 2014). The patient should be asked about their chief complaint and history of present illness describing onset, quality, intensity, duration, location, radiation, exacerbating or relieving factors, medications (prescribed or over the counter) being taken including any allergies and the type of allergic response. A note of patients family history might reveal inherited illnesses such as haemophilia. Patients social support system should also be noted along with habits such as alcohol/drug intake and tobacco use. A ROS should be completed and it might reveal undiagnosed medical conditions. Questionnaires are used for this purpose (Appendix 1). The common medical conditions and their management are discussed below: Cardiorespiratory: Angina, myocardial infarction, hypertension and asthma are most common. Symptoms are crushing chest pain, dyspnoea, oedema and palpitations. Patients will have difficulty in going up more than 20 stairs, also there is cough and wheeze. Minor treatment can be performed in case of stable angina, but elective dental care deferred in unstable or recent angina. The risk of MI in higher within the first 6 months of prior MI and are classified as ASA class IV and high risk procedures deferred. Elective dental care can be normally performed safely in asymptomatic patients with more than 12 months MI. Premedication is administered to patients having BP value between 160-190/95-110 mmHg (oral or inhalation sedation). There is no proof of cardiac risk reducing even in case of delaying surgery in patients who have BP higher than 180/110 mmHg (Andersson et al, 2010). Bleeding disorders: Questions should be asked about bleeding or bruising and family history. (Minimum platelet count for surgery 100,000 per micro litre). 5% tranexamic acid mouth wash given and patient on anticoagulants should have INR Endocrine disorders: Diabetes (Morning appointment 1- 1.5 hrs after breakfast, this avoids hypoglycaemic reaction), hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism. Epileptic seizures: Type, frequency, precipitating factors. Allergies: Including local anaesthetics, antibiotics, analgesics, dental materials. Use of anticoagulants: INR of 2.0-3.5 is the safe range for performing simple exodontia procedures. The range is reduced to 1.6-1.9 for complicated procedures. Bisphosphonates, Gastrointestinal disorders, Liver disorders and jaundice, Infections- HIV, hepatitis, syphilis or gonorrhoea, Pregnancy, Radiotherapy also need to be monitored as they could lead to complications. In all the above disorders the anxiety control protocol should be followed and pre-operative medications given if required. Physiological examination is also carried out to confirm dental or medical conditions along with the vital signs (Appendix 2). ASA classification for minimum pre-operative requirement is a protocol to be followed (Appendix 3). Pre-operative local complications: Pain: It can be odontogenic or non-odontogenic. Patient should be asked questions as explained in HOPI (2.1.1). It is treated based on WHO classification (AppendixÂÂ   4) Infection: It can be a localised abscess or can spread into spaces (submandibular, sublingual or maxillary) adjoining the tooth causing severe complications as well as affect the use of anaesthetics during surgery. It is treated with the use of antibiotics (Yousuf, et.al, 2016). Peri-operative complications and their management: 2.2.1 Peri-operative Systemic complications: The following are the most commonly encountered conditions in dental practise (0.7 cases per dentist per year, Girdler, 1999).ÂÂ   In the event of an attack, stay calm, stop dental treatment, make the environment safe, make patient sit upright in most cases, monitor vital signs, check for AVPU (Appendix 5) in conscious patient and follow ABCDE (Appendix 6) approach in unconscious patients (Scully,2014). In non-responding patients always call 999 and initiate CPR (Appendix 7). Emergency drugs and equipment list (Resuscitation council UK, 2013; Joshi Acharya, 2016) (Appendix 8). Asthma: Few activations of patients own salbutamol inhaler (100 mcg/actuation) or 10 activations using large volume spacer device, repeated every 10 mins and oxygen (15 litres/min). Anaphylaxis: Give oxygen (15 litres/min), i.m adrenaline (anterolateral aspect of the middle third of vastus lateralis) in a dose 0.5 mL injection of 1:1000, repeated at 5 minute gap after monitoring vital signs. Paediatric dose given (Appendix 9). Angina: 2 GTN sprays (400 mcg/actuation) sublingually, oxygen (15 litres/min). Patient does not recover in 3 minutes treat for MI. MI: Call 999 immediately, sublingual GTN if not already given, single dose aspirin (300mg) orally to be chewed, oxygen (15litres/min). Epileptic seizures: Do not attempt to restrain movement, give oxygen (15litres/min), single dose of 10mg midazolam buccally. Hypoglycaemia: Conscious patient give oral glucose, repeated in 10 minutes. Unconscious patient give glucagon i.m route (1mg adults, 0.5mg children Syncope: The patient should be laid flat immediately and legs elevated, give oxygen (15litres/min). Choking: Allow patient to cough vigorously, remove any visible foreign bodies, give 5 sharp back blows and if there is no dislodgement of the foreign body 5 abdominal thrusts are delivered (Heimlich) (AppendixÂÂ   10). 2.2.2 Peri-operative Local complications: These can be prevented by proper treatment planning, use of good surgical knowledge and technique. Pre-operative X-rays will help the dentist to locate any abnormalities in relation to the tooth and position of anatomical structures. Patient past dental history and blood test reports checked (Appendix 11). The experience of the surgeon plays a very important role in preventing these complications and effectively managing them. Soft tissue injuries: Due to improper manoeuvring or slippage of instruments. Common areas injured are lips, cheeks, palate, floor of mouth, tongue. Management: Good flap reflection and luxation of tooth ensuring proper grip of instrument and soft tissue protection using thumb and forefinger of free hand. Small injuries need no treatment. In extensive injuries bleeding needs to be controlled and wound sutured. Tooth root fracture: Common event due to extensive caries, large restoration and endodontically treated tooth. Root tip fractures are common in posterior multirooted teeth. These are caused due to improper luxation and use of excessive forces using forceps. Management: If root fracture is noted, irrigate socket thoroughly and directly visualise root. If root tip ( Crown fracture or luxation of adjacent tooth: Crown fracture (extensive caries or large restoration) and luxation of adjacent tooth occur when large amount of force is applied to extract a tooth using the adjacent tooth as fulcrum. Management: Avulsed tooth repositioned and stabilised using splints for atleast 3-4 weeks. If there is any pain after this period the tooth needs to be restored with root canal treatment. Haemorrhage: Frequently occurs in most dental surgical procedures. It is mainly due to the trauma to the blood vessels or disorders of blood coagulation. Management: Control bleeding and attempt to find the origin. Haemostasis obtained by Compression, Cellulose (Surgicel), Haemostatic Collagen (CollaPlug, CollaTape), Bone wax, 5% Tranexamic acid mouth wash, sutures and Electrocautery (Bagheri, et.al, 2016). Maxilla: Fracture of maxillary tuberosity: may create problem for denture retension and is because of extraction of the maxillary posterior teeth (bone weakened by maxillary sinus pneumatising into alveolar process), ankylosis of the tooth or decreased resistance of bone and poor technique (Von and Lozanoff,2017). Management: If periosteum is not detached from the fractured segment, the bone is repositioned, tissue approximated, sutured and extraction rescheduled after 2 months. If bone segment completely reflected from tissues, tooth is first extracted, bone smoothened and wound sutured. Antibiotics with broad spectrum are prescribed. Displacement of tooth into maxillary sinus: Occurs when trying to luxate impacted maxillary third molar. Management: Make the patient sit in upright position and take radiograph. If tooth is visible it can be removed by forcing positive pressure through sinus by closing nostril and exhaling. If this fails tooth can be removed by trephination using Caldwell-Luc (Appendix 12) or Lindorf approach (Boucree, et.al, 2015) Oroantral communication: Due to extraction of maxillary posterior teeth. It is confirmed from bubbling of blood from post extraction site when patient tries to breathe out while nostrils are pinched (Valslava test). Management: small sized communication treated by filling alveolus with collagen and suturing using figure of 8 method. If tissues dont approximate, portion of bone is removed to facilitate buccal and palatal tissue approximation. Large communications are treated using pedicle mucoperiosteal flaps. Antibiotics prescribed if tooth was infected along with nasal decongestants. Mandible: Fracture of mandible: associated with extraction of impacted third molars, due to excessive force applied by elevators or forceps, large pathologic lesions. Management: If there is any fracture while extraction, tooth removal needs to be completed to prevent infection of the fracture line. Afterwards, case on case basis jaw segment stabilisation can be achieved by either intermaxillary fixation or rigid internal fixation for a period of upto 6 weeks. Administration of broad spectrum antibiotics is necessary. Dislocation of TMJ: Due to lengthy procedure on patients with TMJ disorders. There is mandibular deviation in the direction of the healthy side in unilateral dislocation, but there is prognathic movement of the mandible in bilateral dislocation. There is also restriction in mandibular movement and patients exhibit open bite. To prevent such problems mandible must be firmly supported in exodontia procedures. Management: Thumbs placed on occlusal surfaces of teeth, the body of the mandible on both sides are supported by the other fingers. Thumbs are used to exert a downward pressure and at the same time the other fingers are used to push the mandible upwards and posteriorly, until condyle moves in its original position. Post-operative complication management: Post operative Local complication: Immediate- haemorrhage (2.2.2 d) Delayed- Haemorrhage (2.2.2 d) Swelling and pain (2.1.2) Alveolar osteitis: Noticed couple of days after extraction due to blood clot disintegration resulting in necrosis in bone surface of the socket (Tong, et.al, 2014). Management: Gentle irrigation of the wound area with saline and application of medicated packing to the area, e.g. eugenol dressings, and aggressive use of oral analgesics (Akinbami and Godspower, 2014). Late- Nerve injury: Inferior alveolar, mental, and lingual nerves. Nerve trauma may cause sensory disturbances (anesthesia, hypesthesia, paresthesia, dysesthesia) resulting in resulting in burning sensation, tingling, biting of tongue and lips, abnormal chewing. Nerve damage can be due to neurapraxia, axonotmesis, and neurotmesis. Management: Usually palliative, painful situations require analgesics; also attempt is made to restore sensation using vitamin B complex. Often, the injured nerve segment needs to be replaced by using graft or suturing has to be performed on severed segments. Trismus: Masticatory muscle spasm causes restriction in mouth opening, normally with third molar extraction. Management: Heat therapy, muscle relaxant medication, administration of analgesics, anti-inflammatory and physiotherapy lasting few minutes every 4 hours. Osteonecrosis: Can be due to MRONJ, 60% of patients had bone necrosis at extraction site. (Mansoor,2015; Heufelder,2014 ). Management: Antibiotics prescribed to control infection. In advanced cases surgical removal of the necrotic bone is advised. Also microbial rinse along with daily irrigation can be done. Exposed bone can also be covered using a removable appliance. Post Operative systemic complications are mainly related to haemolytic and haemorrhagic diseases and can be managed by using methods previously. Conclusion: Exodontia is a simple procedure, practice of which inevitably can lead to complications from time to time. The complications arising due to these procedures can vary from a simple (dry socket) to the more complicated ones like everlasting nerve damage and displacement of tooth into maxillary sinus. There is a saying prevention is better than cure which is always best applied when trying to prevent the occurrence of these complications (Oliver, 2014).ÂÂ   The surgeon should always be sure of patients past and present medical and dental history, make appropriate pre-operative tests and x-rays and formulate a treatment plan that is best for the patient. Abbreviations: ABCDE Airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists AVPU Alert, voice, pain, unresponsive CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation GTN Glyceryl trinitrate HOPI History of present illness i.m Intramuscular INR International normalised ratio MI Myocardial infarction MRONJ Medication-related osteonecrosis of jaws ROS Review of systems TMJ Temperomandibular joint WHO World health organisation References: Akinbami, B.O. and Godspower, T., 2014. Dry Socket: incidence, clinical features, and predisposing factors. International journal of dentistry, 2014. Bagheri, S.C., Bohluli, B. and Meyer, R.A., 2016. Oral surgery complications. Avoiding and Treating Dental Complications: Best Practices in Dentistry, p.103. Boucree II, T.S. and Garri, J.I., 2015. Dental Extractions. In Ferraros Fundamentals of Maxillofacial Surgery (pp. 429-442). Springer New York. Crispian Scully, 2014, medical problems in dentistry, Elsevier. Datarkar, A.N. and Datarkar, A.N., 2007. Exodontia Practice. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. Fragiskos D. Fragiskos , 2007, oral surgery, Springer. Grandini, S.A., Barros, V.M., Salata, L.A., Rosa, A.L. and Soares, U.N., 1993. Complications in exodontia-Accidental dislodgment to adjacent anatomical areas. Braz Dent J, 3, p.103. Heufelder M, 2014, Principles of oral surgery for prevention of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 117, Issue 6, June 2014, Pages e429-e435. Joshi, S. and Acharya, S., 2016. Medical Emergencies in Dental Practice-A Nepalese study. Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, 5(2), pp.33-37. Lars Andersson et al, 2010, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Wiley-Blackwell Louis, P.J., 2015. Complications of Dentoalveolar Surgery. Manual of Minor Oral Surgery for the General Dentist, p.265. Mansoor, J., 2015. Pre-and postoperative management techniques. Before and after. Part 1: medical morbidities. British dental journal, 218(5), pp.273-278. Mohamed H. El-Kenawy, Wael Moohamed Said Ahmed, 2015- comparison between physics and conventional forceps in simple dental extraction. Oliver, R., 2014. Prevention and management of oral surgery complications in general dental practice. British dental journal, 216(5), pp.263-264. Renton, T., Woolcombe, S., Taylor, T. and Hill, C.M., 2013. Oral surgery: part 1. Introduction and the management of the medically compromised patient. British dental journal, 215(5), pp.213-223. Resuscitation council UK, 2013, medical emergencies and resuscitation, www.resus.org.uk Thakur, A.R., Babshet, M., Amur, S. and Naikmasur, V.G., 2014. Medical screening of dental patients: 16-year experience in a referral dental hospital. Journal of Medicine and the Person, 12(2), pp.76-83. Tong, D.C., Al-Hassiny, H.H., Ain, A.B. and Broadbent, J.M., 2014. Post-operative complications following dental extractions at the School of Dentistry, University of Otago. New Zealand Dental Journal, 110(2). Venkateshwar, G.P., Padhye, M.N., Khosla, A.R. and Kakkar, S.T., 2011. Complications of exodontia: a retrospective study. Indian journal of dental research, 22(5), p.633. von Arx, T. and Lozanoff, S., 2017. Posterior Maxilla. In Clinical Oral Anatomy (pp. 133-162). Springer International Publishing. Yousuf, W., Khan, M., Mehdi, H. and Mateen, S., 2016. Necessity of Antibiotics following Simple Exodontia. Scientifica, 2016. Appendix: 1 pocketdentistry.com Appendix: 2 pocketdentistry.com Appendix: 3 anesthesiallc.com Appendix: 4 img.medscape.com Appendix: 5 pocketdentistry.com Appendix: 6 pocketdentistry.com Appendix: 7 Appendix:8 resus.org.u Appendix: 9 allergy.org Appendix: 10 4.bp.blogspot.com Appendix: 11 cllhealed.files.wordpress.com Appendix: 12 image.slidesharecdn.com

Becoming A Lawyer Essay examples -- Research Lawyer Law Career Essays

Becoming a Lawyer Loving to argue, speak, and to persuade/convince, I have chosen to research the career of a lawyer. I have always been intrigued by the audacity and wit that lawyers have naturally. I will explain the steps in order to be on the right path in order to become a lawyer. While attaining a degree in your undergraduate studies, you must select a major that will be of some assistance and relevance to your particular law career. For example, if you want to be a corporate lawyer, you should major in business or if you want to be a judge, you should major in political science. After attaining your degree in your chosen major, you must attend law school. American Law schools are very expensive, especially if you plan to attend a private law school. That being said, there are excellent law schools in the States (Yale, Harvard, NYU, UT Austin, to name a few), and if you want to practice in the States, this is a good way to go about it. However, the competition to get into the top-rated law schools in the States is ferocious and exceeds by far the competition to get into Canadian law schools. The advice that most people give surrounding applying to US law schools (as there are so many), is to apply to a few "sure-thing" schools, a few schools were you would probably get in, a few where you would probably not get in, and a few "reach" schools, where it seems unlikely that you would be admitted. Keep in mind that even a very high GPA and LSAT score can not guarantee you admission to Harvard, Yale and the other top-rated schools. Because there are so many people in the US, there are more people with excellent grades applying, therefore red ucing your chances, too. After finally finalizing your arrangements and getting into your chosen law school, you must attend school. Law schools differ in their various requirements: many schools have required courses in all years, and some schools only have required courses in their first or second years. As well, many schools will require that you take some breadth courses, which are courses that are intended to round out your education. These courses are ones that are outside the canonical law school curriculum. At some point in the course of law school, you will probably have to do a moot, which is like mock court. In the moot, you are given a fact situation and you have to prepare arguments and deliver ... ... better to college life. It helps me stay focused and keep things organized by wrapping things up and reviewing all things that we learned throughout that particular week. In all, this assignment has helped me a lot by enforcing the need to research before making great decisions. One great decision in my life at this moment is trying to decide on a major and trying to reveal and find out what I really want to be. This assignment has helped me discover what it is like to get into a good law school, what the work load is like, what types of law there is to pursue a career in, and what the salary is. All these components will keep me grounded and stay true to what I originally wanted to pursue which is a career in the legal system of our country. Works Cited: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Warner, Rose. (1999). 29 Reasons Not to Go to Law School. London: Routeledge. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Serechal, J.R. (1987). Becoming a Lawyer. New York, New York: HBC Media. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gabriel, Peter. (2001, November 4). Law School and its Perks. Retrieved November 7, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://lawstudents/files.html. 4) Segal, Nancy. (2001, February). So you think you want to be a lawyer. Teen People, p. 45.

Emerson Defines Beauty in The Poet Essay -- Emerson Poet Essays

Emerson Defines Beauty in The Poet Just what is beauty? We all have our own definition of beauty because everyone has there own distinctive style and attractiveness. Therefore, we must respect why some people find beauty in things while others would not simply because beauty is truly in the eyes of the beholder. Now we all are attracted to all sorts of things, but have you ever asked yourself why? Is it simply because it is beautiful or does the meaning go beyond that? I tend to believe the latter is true so lets take love for example. It is the most beautiful thing in the world because you get a sense of being, are likely attracted to the person you are in love with, it stimulates you and you probably feel complete. However, beauty does not always have to be attractive or unique it is what taps into your emotions and causes you to want more and more. Emerson defines beauty in a totally different light. He believes that only a poet can truly capture beauty because only a poet has the vision, words and intelligence to interpret events and put them into a form that is so appealing to the eyes of readers. Emerson does have a point that poets do have a way with words, but what about the average individual? Everyone has their own way of expressing feelings, needs and emotion, and that is the beauty of it all. On the other hand Emerson argues that poets can only truly define beauty and express it with elegant wording. In addition, he believes that everyday events of life are beautiful when he says, "And this hidden truth, that the fountains whence all this river of Time, and its creatures floweth, are intrinsically ideal and beautiful, draws us to the consideration of the nature and functions of the Poet, or the man of Beau... ...eauty because he sees it, understands it and thoughts of it roll off his head and never stop coming. Beauty is and will always stimulate the mind. Ultimately the burden lies in the poets hands to paint a picture which in turn will stimulate the readers imagination, and the reader may even find a deeper meaning if the poet writes a poem so effectively that the reader is left wondering and questioning themselves. Everyone has a different definition of beauty and that is perfectly fine because no two people are the same. Beauty may not always be appealing at first but since a poet has a way with words and thoughts he could probably turn just about anything into a new light and thus seen as beautiful. WORKS CITED Emerson, Ralph Waldo. The Poet. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Ed. Paul Lauter. Boston, New york: houghton mifflin, 1998. Emerson Defines Beauty in The Poet Essay -- Emerson Poet Essays Emerson Defines Beauty in The Poet Just what is beauty? We all have our own definition of beauty because everyone has there own distinctive style and attractiveness. Therefore, we must respect why some people find beauty in things while others would not simply because beauty is truly in the eyes of the beholder. Now we all are attracted to all sorts of things, but have you ever asked yourself why? Is it simply because it is beautiful or does the meaning go beyond that? I tend to believe the latter is true so lets take love for example. It is the most beautiful thing in the world because you get a sense of being, are likely attracted to the person you are in love with, it stimulates you and you probably feel complete. However, beauty does not always have to be attractive or unique it is what taps into your emotions and causes you to want more and more. Emerson defines beauty in a totally different light. He believes that only a poet can truly capture beauty because only a poet has the vision, words and intelligence to interpret events and put them into a form that is so appealing to the eyes of readers. Emerson does have a point that poets do have a way with words, but what about the average individual? Everyone has their own way of expressing feelings, needs and emotion, and that is the beauty of it all. On the other hand Emerson argues that poets can only truly define beauty and express it with elegant wording. In addition, he believes that everyday events of life are beautiful when he says, "And this hidden truth, that the fountains whence all this river of Time, and its creatures floweth, are intrinsically ideal and beautiful, draws us to the consideration of the nature and functions of the Poet, or the man of Beau... ...eauty because he sees it, understands it and thoughts of it roll off his head and never stop coming. Beauty is and will always stimulate the mind. Ultimately the burden lies in the poets hands to paint a picture which in turn will stimulate the readers imagination, and the reader may even find a deeper meaning if the poet writes a poem so effectively that the reader is left wondering and questioning themselves. Everyone has a different definition of beauty and that is perfectly fine because no two people are the same. Beauty may not always be appealing at first but since a poet has a way with words and thoughts he could probably turn just about anything into a new light and thus seen as beautiful. WORKS CITED Emerson, Ralph Waldo. The Poet. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Ed. Paul Lauter. Boston, New york: houghton mifflin, 1998.

Video Game Console and Nintendo

Introduction Nintendo company,One of the most recognized names in the history of games. Even that was 120 years before and recent decades years, Nintendo begin company to making the playing card game,but creating video game. In the 60’s,Nintendo was going to produce video games, but after 1985 when Nintendo started to sell Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and the famous game Super Mario Brothers. Nintendo began to as being the only dominatition in video games,and remained through many years,before Sony had take over the dominatition position by launched the Sony PlayStation . nd then Nintendo was being regarded as a recession proposition in the videogame business. As far as we can see,the turning point in 2005, Nintendo introduced the Nintendo DS with a big success. In 2006 Nintendo introduced the Wii and then launched it being the best-selling latest generation console system in the world. Nowdays, Nintendo in the position as being the â€Å"worldwide leader in the creati on of interactive entertainment† with Microsoft and Sony in world’s top3 videogame business. To date, Nintendo has sold more than one billion video games and created so many game console including Game Boy – The best selling video game systemgame systems worldwide. 1. What  is  Nintendo’s  strategy? Which of the five generic strategies discussed in Chapter 5 is Nintendo using? What are some of the recent offensive and/or defensive strategies that Nintendo has employed? Have these tactics been successful? Nintendo's strategy is based on the customer premise, when other business-to-video game market has yet to be waited and see attitude, and Nintendo in the market demand for in-depth study, the firm entered the field. Nintendo was on the market only a profound understanding of the needs of customers’ game manufacturers. Because it can from the â€Å"customer needs is the fun of the game† This perspective of looking at problems, Nintendo game software was first recognized that the decisive position. This policy eventually develop into a Nintendo game software developers and strategic alliances to achieve this status, Nintendo has played a key role. After have a â€Å"Nintendo Power† books and â€Å"counselors systems† scheme, which are a combination of the two major consumers and Nintendo's sticky and agents, but also Nintendo's main method to grasp the pulse of customers. In fact, the Nintendo Company's product development plans and marketing strategies is almost entirely dependent from the customer information. We come up the idea that :The broad differentiation strategy is the newly products of Nintendo's had generic used ,particularly for Wii ,the broad differentiation strategy that allowed Nintendo to compete with two giant Sony and Microsoft. Nintendo had focus on innovative control system,that leads to rising the fun level of games,instead of to attempting to catch up with the functional advantage concentrated by most competition in game industry . Nintendo focused on developing games and take their Key advantage – gaming fun to winning the battle of game industry. Recently, Nintendo has carried out some offensive strategies to resist with rivals and gain more market share. The company aimed to innovating products and introducing some of the industry’s most astoundingly inventive and financially lucrative gaming products. For instance, Nintendo introduced the Nintendo Dual Screen in 2004. The DS Lite was introduced in 2006 and Wii was introduced in 2008. Nintendo does a number of advertisements with creative advertisement, what make deeply impression on customers. Through the magazines, the company releases the products and attracts game players. Nintendo also has some defensive strategies. Rivals like Sony and Microsoft were calling attention to an assortment of technological capabilities and graphic features in their consoles. Nintendo’s two system including video game consoles and handheld system with light weight electronic devices and designed largely. Rivals required a part of target market. According to this situation, Nintendo attract older people and women as a new market to make sure the sales and reputation for the company. 2. Is it fair to characterize Nintendo’s introduction of the Wii as a blue ocean strategy? Why or why not? Yes,there’s a pure blue ocean strategy initiated in the Nintendo’s Wii,but the Wii’s introduction strategy can not necessarily be characterize as a blue ocean strategy that we considered. Wii’s introduction demonstrated is successful executed the Blue Ocean Strategy,that driven point is the unique interactive â€Å"motion-sensitive† controls,it based on an innovative gaming control system can sense movements and physical activity, gamers should to physically move around to guide the game character,this is an differentiate experience with instinct usability that may rising the fun of gaming,and creating an accessibility for every player of all ages and genders . This new values are created and focused by Wii which instead of the performance value defined by the industry. it allowed Wii to not only compete in the game console industry’s â€Å"red ocean† where has been dominated by Sony's PlayStation and Microsoft's Xbox, but also to went after an untapped market,For consumers who are not consider as the typical gamers,as older females, seniors,who never think about gaming,even who consider gaming as a waste of time. it purpose at the entire family. so it as the allegory of name â€Å"wii†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s intended, we- everyone can enjoy it. Wii are also competitive to appealing the traditionally customer targeted by the games industry,we come up the opinion that the blue ocean strategy can reinforcing the competitive strategy acts as a supporting board differention competitive. Wii’s make games for a different purpose,In assessing the standard relative to Microsoft’s Xbox 360, and Sony’s PlayStation 3, and other developers , Wii‘s functional elements as graphics & physics, processing power ,and supporting function (as Movie playing) are relatively rare . owever it good-enough for moderate gamer,but their virtual controling raising gaming fun to a higher level ,that helps maintained its core gaming audience while aslo their purpose to changing the â€Å"couch-potato†gamer to into exerciser. As a matter of fact, Sony nor Microsoft try to imitated the Wii’s contoling function. to lure away Wii's new customer. All above evidence that it is almost self-explanatory the sucess for Wiiâ €™s blue ocean strategy’s. 3. What recommendations would you make to Nintendo to improve its competitiveness in the video game console industry and to maintain its favorable positioning vis-a-vis Microsoft and Sony? Our first recommendation is developing in the competition area that different from Microsoft and Sony. As we know, the main product of Microsoft and Sony is Xbox 360 and Playstation 3. Xbox 360 can mainly fight and talk by the network. PS 3 mainly in high-definition video and audio quality as the characteristics. Therefore, we think Nintendo should be developed in other areas, such as game’s own characterized. They can develop some games that more suitable for players, life and era such as the classic Super Mario, Tetris and other games. Our second recommendations is developing more perfect handheld video game console. Because as Microsoft and Sony’s main game product are Home video game consoles. Many people know Nintendo is because of their product Game Boy. And more young people today do not like to play games at home, they are more like in the car, in the bedroom, or in other free time to relax. So, handheld game consoles is still a huge market, but also because Nintendo has the foundation of Game Boy. So in this regard the development and the customer base is inevitable better than the other competitors. Our third recommendation is to improve the skill of visual quality. What is the value of a game? Obviously, the main the player seeks for is the gameplay, is the creative point of a game that itself has. For this part the Nintendo make a good sense. Nintendo's success lies in change and subversion of tradition. But, with the booming technology, the players who are familiar with Maya, 3DMAX are also pay high attention to the quality of the visual. Compare with Sony and Microsoft, Nintendo do not spend so much technology dealing with visual. However, the decoration of a game system such like visual and sound also will be a big attraction. People always enjoy a sense of realism. So if it wants to get a long-term development, it also needs to improve its visual skill even though Nintendo do not rely on visual to win the profit. Our final recommendation is expansion of market in China. As we see, China who has large number of population can be a Potential Unit for almost all industry, of cause for game. It can be a good market for Nintendo we believe. To extend the Chinese market, Nintendo can consider about increasing the Chinese language interface to get closer to Chinese people. They also need to offer a good after sale service in china. We recognize that the after sale service of Nintendo in Asia except Japan is limited. In order to fit the China's specific conditions, Nintendo can introduce more educational and recreational games and let the parents willing to buy. In a word, making more efforts in these recommendations, Nintendo may have a long term development in the future we believe.